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"Tugas akhir ini akan memperkenalkan konsep mengenai Aljabar Hedge beserta sifat-sifatnya. Konsep ini berguna bagi seseorang dalam membuat keputusan untuk memilih satu dari bermacam alternatif kata (term) yang ada dalam bahasa berdasarkan pada evaluasi mereka terhadap arti dari term-term dalam suatu himpunan term dari suatu variabel linguistik. Dalam pemilihan term tersebut, dapat dilakukan pendekatan aljabar pada himpunan term. Dari himpunan term yang ada, dapat didefinisikan himpunan dari hedge linguistik yang berperan dalam menguatkan atau melemahkan arti dari term. Di dalam himpunan hedge linguistik didefinisikan suatu hubungan keterurutan antar hedge linguistik. Keterurutan hedge linguistik ini akan mendefinisikan hubungan keterurutan antar term dalam himpunan term yang dinotasikan dengan ??. Konsep Aljabar Hedge ini dibentuk berdasarkan oleh sifat-sifat intuisi penting dari term dan hedge yang terdapat dalam himpunan term. "

"Hedge funds have started to play an important role in financial markets during the last decade. They have affected important aspects of financial intermediation such as asset allocation decisions and corporate governance. Julian Holler provides an excellent theoretical and empirical analysis of these issues. His analysis offers strong support that hedge funds enable investors to improve asset allocation decisions. Consequently, hedge funds are an interesting alternative asset class for institutional investors. In contrast to results for the U.S. capital market his research provides evidence that hedge fund activism does not persistently increase the value of firms in Germany. This result suggests that the institutional environment has a strong influence on the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms."

"Hedge fund governance : evaluating oversight, independence and conflicts summarizes the fundamental elements of hedge fund governance and principal perspectives on governance arguments. An authoritative reference on governance, it describes the tools needed for developing a flexible, comprehensive hedge fund governance analysis framework. Case studies and interviews with professional fund directors shine a bright light of pragmatism on this framework. The author?s global analysis of more than 5,000 hedge fund governance structures enables him to draw realistic conclusions about best practices. He also explores the value consequences of good vs. bad governance, estimating the actual dollar losses that can result from bad governance, as well as the operational and investment performance benefits of certain governance practices."

"Sistem matematika (R, +, X) merupakan lapangan real. Selanjutnya didefinisikan RE = R u { E = --00} dengan dua operasi biner ⨁ dan ⨂ dimana a⨁b = maksimum (a,b) dan a⨂b.= a+b, V a, b E RE. Sistem matematika ⨁ ⨂ dinamakan aljabar max-plus dan dinotasikan dengan . Dibandingkan dengan sifat lapangan tidak memiliki unsur balikan pada operasi ⨁. Untuk himpunan bilangan real kita mengenal vektor dan matriks yang elemen-elemennya bilangan real beserta operasi-operasi pada vektor dan matriks real. Begitu juga pada terdapat vektor dan matriks yang elemen-elemenya di beserta operasi-operasinya pada . Nilai eigen dan vektor eigen merupakan salah satu topik dalam aljabar yang dimiliki oleh matriks bujur sangkar. Matriks sirkulan merupakan slah satu tipe khusus dari matriks bujur sangkar, sehingga nilai eigen dan vektor eigen juga dimiliki oleh matriks sirkulan. Pada matriks bujur sangkar dapat direpresentasikan dalam bentuk graf yang dinamakan graf precedence dan dinotasikan dengan . dapat berupa graf tidak terhubung, graf terhubung atau graf terhubung kuat. Jika graf terhubung kuat maka matriks disebut irreducible. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas bagaimana cara menentukan nilai eigen dan vektor eigen pada matriks dan matriks sirkulan yang irreducible dalam aljabar max-plus.

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System is a field of real numbers. Defined together with two binary operations ⨁ and ⨂ where ⨁ and ⨂ . System ⨁ ⨂ called max-plus algebra and denoted by . As compared to properties of field, there is no invers element for ⨁ in . In the set of real numbers there exist vectors and matrices which entries is real number with those operations. As in there exist vectors and matrices with entries is element of with those operations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are topics square matrix in algebra. Circulant matrix is a special types of square matrix, which also have eigenvalues and eigenvectors topics. Square matrix in can be represented as a graph called precedence graph denote . can be not connected graph, connected graph or strongly connected graph. If strongly connected then irreducible. In this thesis will be discussed how to get eigenvalues and eigenvectors for matrices and circulant matrix in the max-plus algebra."

"The set of real number with addition and multiplication operation is said as field with a notation. At set of is given two binary operations that is and, are defined as follow: for all, and. The structure is called max-plus algebra, which denote as. The main different between and that is there is no invers for all element except the zero elemen. Futhermore are introduced extended of with define and at. In set of are given balance relation, denote, and relation whereas is equivalence relation since its compatible for generate equivalence class and quosien set. Clearly, the elements of set of is equivalence classes and than for all equivalenve class are assosiated with scalar or signed scalar dan in. By using definision of, and balance relation in for design the system of. In this research are performed properties of and than are defined the symmetrized max-plus algebra."

"Aljabar merupakan suatu ruang vektor yang dilengkapi dengan suatu operator bilinier, yaitu suatu operator yang linier pada masing-masing argumennya. Suatu aljabar dikatakan sebagai aljabar simetris kiri jika asosiator dari sembarang ketiga vektornya simetrik pada kedua argumen pertamanya. Pada skripsi ini dibahas mengenai konstruksi aljabar simetris kiri melalui fungsi linier. Pertama-tama dibahas mengenai konstruksi aljabar secara umum dimana pendefinisian operator bilinier pada aljabar melibatkan fungsi-fungsi linier. Selanjutnya diberikan syarat bagi fungsi linier tersebut sedemikian sehingga aljabar yang telah dikonstruksi merupakan suatu aljabar simetris kiri.

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Algebra is a vector space along with a bilinear operator, that is an operator which is linear on each of its argument. An algebra is called a left symmetric algebra if the associator of any three vectors of it is symmetric on its first two arguments. This skripsi discusses how to construct the left symmetric algebra using linear functions. First, this skripsi discusses how to construct a general algebra on which the bilinear operator defined on the algebra would involve linear functions. Then, some conditions for the linear functions will be given so that the constructed algebra would be a left symmetric algebra."

"Penelitian ini membahas Penerapan Lindung Nilai pada Transaksi Penjualan Batubara yang dilakukan oleh PT IM. Analisis mencakup perbandingan transaksi lindung nilai menggunakan fixed rate swap dengan dan tanpa menerapkan akuntansi lindung nilai. Penelitian ini juga membahas penerapan lindung nilai jika menggunakan jenis instrumen derivatif lain, seperti futures dan option baik menerapkan akuntansi lindung nilai maupun tidak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi secara langsung pada PT IM. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akuntansi lindung nilai dapat mengurangi volatilitas pada laporan keuangan khususnya laporan laba rugi perusahaan dan instrumen derivatif fixed rate swap telah tepat digunakan.

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This study discusses the implementation of Hedging on Coal Sales Transaction conducted by PT IM. The analysis includes the comparison of hedging transactions using fixed rate swaps with and without applying hedge accounting. This study also discusses the application of hedging if using other types of derivative instruments, such as futures and options whether or not to apply hedge accounting. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation directly on PT IM. The results of this study indicate that hedge accounting can reduce the volatility in the financial statements, especially the income statement of the company and the fixed rate swap has been appropriately used."