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"Tugas akhir ini membahas pembesaran graf yaitu mencari sejumlah ruas untuk ditambahkan pada graf sehingga memenuhi kondisi tertentu. Kondisi yang diberikan adalah untuk membuat graf berarah supaya terhubung kuat dan membuat graf tidak berarah tidak mempunyai jembatan dengan istilah bridge connected. Ruas yang ditambahkan, dicari dengan jumlah yang minimum."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan keefektifan perilaku jembatan i girder dengan u girder akibat pembebanan yang terjadi pada struktur atas jembatan. Jembatan girder dengan panjang 36,6 meter dibebani oleh beberapa pembebanan yaitu berat sendiri, beban mati tambahan, beban lajur ?D?, beban angin, beban rem, temperatur, dan beban gempa. Jembatan menggunakan beton prategang yang mempunyai kabel prategang pada setiap girdernya. Variasi analisis jembatan pada setiap kondisi awal, kondisi kosong, kondisi akhir 1, dan kondisi akhir 2 menghasilkan nilai lendutan, tegangan, gaya dalam, kehilangan prategang, dan volume pekerjaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jembatan u girder mempunyai tingkat keefektifan yang lebih tinggi daripada jembatan i girder pada hasil perbandingan lendutan, tegangan, dan gaya dalam. Tetapi, volume pekerjaan pada jembatan u girder lebih besar daripada jembatan i girder dengan perbandingan volume adalah 9,86%.

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The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavior of i girder bridge with u girder due to loading that occurs on top of the bridge structure. Girder bridge with a length of 36.6 meters which is burdened by a dead load, superimposed dead load, lane ?D? load, wind load, load brakes, temperature, and seismic loads. Prestressed concrete bridge using prestressed cable having at each girder. Variation analysis of the bridge at the beginning of each condition, empty condition, final condition 1 and condition 2 yields the value displacement, stress, internal force, loss of prestressed, and volume of works. The results showed u girder bridges have a higher level of effectiveness than i girder bridge of the results of the comparison displacement, stress, and internal force. However, the cost of construction on the u girder bridge is greater than the i girder bridge with comparison volume is 9,86%."

"Studying about cable stayed bridge become trend in the last few years. Since the improvement of the material technology and the need of longer bridge so the cable stayed bridge become more important in the last few years.Since the span become longer, so the structure will become more flexible and external load such are traffic, wind, rain and earthquake become more significant to the structure. When the displacement of the deck will increase, it will make uncomforting for human. Many scientists and engineers try to make a control of cable stayed bridge, so that the response will become safety and good for human comfort also.In this study we try to simulate the model from experiment to the behavior of the cable stayed bridge itself. We also try to control the response of the structure. This control that we have done must be realistic and easy to use.In fact with computer simulation we can do such sophisticated control, but the main problem if it's not applicable the control that we use become useless, otherwise it will be dangerous also if we get a result in reality far from out simulation.So in this study we do simple control to cable stayed bridge, and do some test that could be realistic in the reality. The sag of the cable is big and it will make a non linear effect. We do some analysis of cable stayed bridge in ANSYS 5.5.3 and do control simulation in SIMULINK by catching the static non linear result from ANSYS 5.5.3.The simulation that we done here to see the effectives of the control in many cases. We can be sure that the control is good if we get a good solution with the control of the structure."

"Jembatan merupakan infrastruktur dari jaringan jalan dan bagian dari alat peningkatan aktivitas perekonomian baik dari skala daerah maupun nasional. Perawatan jembatan sangat diperlukan, untuk merawat jembatan diperlukan kemampuan manusia dalam penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan yang mendukungnya dan penguasaan teknologi. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini menganalisa kemungkinan penyebab keruntuhan jembatan gantung yaitu pertama pengaruh variasi gaya dinamik dengan tiga parameter tetap yaitu beban lalu lintas satu sisi (asimetris), lokasi penarikan kabel satu sisi (asimetris), dan efek kekakuan rangka 100%. Kedua menganalisa pengaruh variasi efek kekakuan rangka dengan tiga parameter tetap yaitu beban dinamik, lokasi penarikan kabel satu sisi (asimetris), dan beban lalu lintas satu sisi (asimetris).Metode analisa dilakukan dengan memasukkan data material, properti penampang, geometri jembatan, modelisasi struktur dalam bentuk tiga dimensi, kemudian melakukan variasi gaya dinamik dan variasi kekakuan rangka menggunakan program komputer berbasis elemen hingga. Kesimpulan dari hasil analisa adalah pada durasi dua detik gaya dinamik yang diberikan berpengaruh besar terhadap gaya-gaya dalam hold clamp. Variasi nilai kekakuan rangka yang diberikan berbanding lurus dengan bertambah besarnya gaya-gaya yang dipikul oleh struktur rangka jembatan. Degradasi material dan elemen pendukung di sekitar hold clamp tidak ikut diperhitungkan dalam studi ini.

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Bridge is an infrastructure of road networks economic means of increased activity from both local and national scale. Care is indispensable bridge, the bridge needed to treat human ability in mastering knowledge and mastery of technology that supports it. The purpose of writing this paper analyzes the possible causes of the collapse of a suspension bridge is the first effect of variations in dynamic style with three parameters fixed at one side of the traffic load (asymmetric), the location of the withdrawal cord one side (asymmetrical), and the effect of the stiffness of order 100 %. Both analyze the effect of variations in stiffness effects framework with three fixed parameters are dynamic loads, the location of the withdrawal cord one side (asymmetrical), and the traffic load one side (asymmetrical).

The method of analysis is done by inserting a material data, crosssectional properties, the geometry of the bridge, modelisasi structures in three dimensions, and then do a variety of styles and variations of the dynamic stiffness of the framework using a finite element based computer program. Conclusions from the analysis of the duration of two seconds is a dynamic force that is given a major effect on the forces in the clamp hold. Variations in the value of a given frame stiffness is proportional to the increased magnitude of the forces are carried by the frame structure of the bridge. Degradation of the material and the supporting elements around the clamp hold not taken into account in this study."

"In the framework of the design of Cisadane Cable Stayed Bridge, a wind tunnel testing on scaled model has been conducted lo observe its aerodynamic forces. The wind tunnel which is used for test, was a low speed wind tunnel.The test results are the coefficient Ci, Cd and Cm. The coefficients can be used lo calculate the load of the structure, the lift Force and the pitching moment. Based on the test results, shape improvement of the proposed bridge deck is also considered."