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"Natrium alendronat merupakan salah satu obat yang dapat digunakan untuk osteoporosis yang termasuk golongan bifosfonat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi yang optimal dari pembentukan senyawa derivat antara natrium alendronat dengan pereaksi fluorogenik dansil klorida. Reaksi pembentukan senyawa derivat menggunakan dapar natrium karbonat 0,1 M yang optimum pada pH 10,0 dengan penambahan dansil klorida sebanyak 270 μl kemudian dicampur dengan menggunakan termomixer pada temperatur 50 °C selama 50 menit, dan waktu selesai reaksi (kestabilan senyawa derivat) pada menit ke 30. Pembentukan senyawa derivat dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi dengan kolom C18, fase gerak yang digunakan adalah asetonitril-metanol-dapar (25 mM KH2PO4 dan 25 mM asam sitrat) (20:15:65;v/v); kecepatan alir 1,0 mL/menit; dideteksi pada panjang gelombang eksitasi 320 nm dan emisi 495 nm dengan detektor fluoresensi. Waktu retensi natrium alendronat 19,758 menit, pada rentang konsentrasi 0,2-1 μg/ml dihasilkan kurva kalibrasi yang linier dengan koefisien korelasi (r) 0,9995 dan memberikan limit kuantitasi 0,114 μg/ml.

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Sodium alendronate represent one of drugs that can be used for osteoporosis, this drug include in biphosphonate group. The aim of this research is to obtain optimum condition for forming derivative of compound sodium alendronate with fluorogenic reagent dansyl chloride. The reaction derivative of compound is use sodium carbonate 0,1 M as a buffer that optimum at pH 10,0 by added 270 μl dansyl chloride then mixing with termomixer at 50 °C for 50 minute and derivative of compound was stable in 30 minute. Derivative of compound was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography method using C18 column acetonitrile-methanol-buffer (25 mM KH2PO4 and 25 mM citric acid) (20:15:65;v/v) is using as a mobile phase; flow rate of 1,0 mL/minute; detection at wavelength of excitation 320 nm and emission 495 nm with fluorescence detector. Retention time of sodium alendronate was 19,758 minute, a curve of calibration linier at concentration 0,2-1 μg/ml with correlation coefficient ( r) 0,9995 and give limit of quantitation 0,114 μg/ml."

"Sodium (Na) was found as one of chemical elements that able to disturb plants that grow along the Cikijing river. This river water that had been detected as contains high sodium,whereas the river water is still used by local famers to irigate their rice fields....."

"Scope and Method of Study: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are still a major problem in developing countries viewed from epidemiological, laboratory, as well as clinical aspects. Reliable laboratory diagnosis is the blood culture. However, failure of the blood culture occurs, due to the bactericidal effect of blood (phagocytes, complement, and specific and nonspecific antibodies, among others). Microbiologists are challenged to improve the blood culture by adding sodium polyanethol sulphonate (SPS) in the media. SPS is capable to inactivate the blood bactericidal effect, is an effective anticoagulant, non-toxic to most pathogens, stable to high temperature, acid and alkaline solutions, and is water-soluble.The objective of this study is to compare bile culture plus 0.05% SPS to conventional bile culture for the growth of salmonella in blood. The result was evaluated by the rate of growth in both cultures after 1 minute, 4 hours and 12 hours (logarithmic phase). The number of organisms was calculated from growth on nutrient agar plates when the range-of growth were 30-300 colonies per 0.1 ml inoculum, and the dilution of both cultures.Findings and Conclusions: Fifty isolates representing five species of salmonellae has been tested and showed that the number of organisms per ml in the SPS bile culture was not significantly different compared to conventional bile culture. In conclusion, the SPS bile culture is the same as conventional bile culture for the growth of S. typhi, S. pa-atyphi A, B, C, and S. typhimurium in blood from healthy humans, with a blood-broth ratio of 1: 10."

"Glukosamin adalah suatu zat yang dapat disintesis di dalam tubuh yang berguna untuk mempertahankan dan memulihkan kinerja sendi. Seiring bertambahnya usia, kemampuan tubuh untuk mensintesis glukosamin menurun sehingga menyebabkan penyakit osteoartritis. Oleh karena itu, telah berkembang suplemen makanan yang mengandung glukosamin yang telah diakui oleh Food and Drug Administration (FDA) untuk pengobatan osteoartritis. Analisis glukosamin HCl dilakukan untuk memperoleh volume, temperatur, waktu, dan waktu kestabilan reaksi yang optimum pada derivatisasi glukosamin HCl dengan FMOC-Cl menggunakan detektor fluoresensi. Larutan standar glukosamin HCl 1 μg/ml ditambah 50,0 μL 0,2 M dapar dinatrium tetraborat dekahidrat pH 8, kemudian divorteks selama 10 detik, ditambah 360,0 μL pereaksi FMOC-Cl 1 mg/ml, campuran divorteks selama 10 detik, diinkubasi menggunakan termomixer pada 1400 rpm dan temperatur 25°C selama 15 menit, selanjutnya disuntikkan sebanyak 20,0 μL ke alat KCKT. Pemisahan dengan KCKT menggunakan kolom Kromasil® C18 (5 μm; 250 x 4,6 mm) dengan komposisi fase gerak air-asetonitril (40:60) dengan kecepatan alir 1,0 ml/menit. Linieritas pada konsentrasi 100-1000 ng/ml dengan koefisien korelasi (r) 0,9995. Nilai batas deteksi (LOD) sebesar 21,98 ng/ml dan batas kuantitasi (LOQ) sebesar 73,26 ng/ml.

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Glucosamine is a synthesized substance in the human body useful for maintaining and restoring the joint's function. Body's capacity to synthesize glucosamine declines with age thus can cause osteoarthritis. There was development of dietary supplement that contains glucosamine which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of osteoarthritis. Glucosamine HCl analysis was performed in order to get optimal volume, temperature, time, and reaction stability time in glucosamine HCl derivation with FMOC-Cl using fluorescence detector. Standard solution of Glucosamine HCl added by 50.0 μl 0.2 M disodium tetraborate decahydrate buffer with pH 8 were homogenized for 10 seconds, then the mixed solution was added by 360.0 μl of 1 mg/ml FMOC-Cl reagent and homogenized for 10 seconds. It was then incubated using termomixer at 1400 rpm and a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, then as many as 20.0 μl injected into the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Separation by HPLC using one column of Kromasil® C18 (5 μm; 250 x 4.6 mm) with mobile phase composition of water-acetonitrile (40:60) and flow rate 1.0 ml/minute. Linearity at concentrations of 100-1000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient (r) 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) value was 21.98 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 73.26 ng/ml."

"Latar Belakang: Irigasi endodontik konsentrasi tinggi Natrium Hipoklorit (NaOCl) 5% telah banyak dilaporkan menurunkan viabilitas sel punca pulpa (hDPSCs) namun merupakan bahan irigasi pilihan untuk perawatan endodontik. Sehingga dibutuhkan larutan lain untuk menetralkan efek NaOCl seperti Sodium thiosulfate (STS) yang bersifat antioksidan agar potensi anti mikroba NaOCl tetap baik namun tidak mempengaruhi viabilitas sel punca pulpa. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek penggunaan STS 5% setelah paparan NaOCl 1,5% dan NaOCl 5%-PBS-EDTA 17%-PBS dengan variasi paparan waktu terhadap viabilitas hDPSCs. Metode: Sel primer hDPSCs yang telah 80% confluent dan mencapai P3-P4 dilakukan starvation 24 jam, diberikan perlakuan berupa NaOCl-PBS-STS 5%-EDTA 17%-PBS, DMEM sebagai kontrol negatif dan NaOCl 1,5% serta 5% sebagai kontrol positif. Pengamatan viabilitas sel punca pulpa dengan uji flowcitometry MTT-assay. Hasil: Perbandingan antara kelompok NaOCl 5% terhadap kelompok NaOCl 5% - STS 5% 60’ berbeda tidak bermakna (p>0,5) namun nilai viabilitas kelompok NaOCl 5% - STS 5% 60’ lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok NaOCl 5%. Kesimpulan: Sodium thiosulfate sebagai agen antioksidan dan penetralisir NaOCl cukup efektif dalam mempertahankan viabilitas sel punca pulpa pada konsentrasi NaOCl 5% dengan paparan waktu 60’.

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Background: Endodontic irrigation with high concentrations of 5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been reported to decrease pulp stem cell viability (hDPSCs) however NaOCl is the irrigant of choice for endodontic treatment. Another solution is needed to neutralize the effects of NaOCl, such as Sodium thiosulfate (STS) an antioxidant that has good antimicrobial but minimally effect on the viability hDPSCS. Objective: To determine the effect of 5% STS after exposure to 1.5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl-PBS-EDTA 17%-PBS with variations in exposure time on the viability of hDPSCs. Method: hDPSCs that has been 80% confluent and reach P3-P4 done starvation for 24 hour,was given treatment of NaOCl-PBS-STS 5%-EDTA 17%-PBS, DMEM as a negative control and NaOCl 1.5% and 5% as a positive control. Observation of viability by MTT-flow cytometry assay. Results: The comparison between the 5% NaOCl group and the 5% NaOCl - 5% STS 60' group was not significantly different (p>0.5) but the viability value of the 5% NaOCl - 5% 60' NaOCl group is higher than 5% NaOCl group. Conclusion: Sodium thiosulfate as an antioxidant agent and NaOCl neutralizer is quite effective in maintaining the viability of pulp stem cells at 5% NaOCl concentration with an exposure time of 60'."

"Pengendalian tekanan darah adalah kondisi yang menggambarkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pasien hipertensi. Kondisi tersebut dapat berasal dari kepatuhan ataupun ketidakpatuhan pasien hipertensi dalam menjalankan modifikasi gaya hidup dan terapi farmakologis. Suatu penelitian menemukan bahwa tingkat pengendalian tekanan pasien hipertensi di Indonesia kurang dari 25%. Cakupan layanan kesehatan dan prevalensi minum obat antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi pun masih rendah. Jika keadaan tersebut dibiarkan terus menerus dan tidak terdapat penanganan yang tepat maka dapat meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien hipertensi. Tujuan dari adanya penelitian ini, yaitu mengetahui hubungan antara asupan natrium dan faktor lainnya dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pasien hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kemiri Muka Kota Depok tahun 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sekunder yang bersumber dari penelitian primer dengan judul “Hubungan Kebiasaan Minum Kopi dan Faktor Lainya dengan Pengendalian Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kemiri Muka Tahun 2023”. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional pada 156 pasien hipertensi berusia ≥ 18 tahun di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Kemiri Muka Kota Depok. Analisis data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode uji chi square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat 68,6% pasien hipertensi memiliki tekanan darah tidak terkendali. Analisis uji chi square menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan natrium, aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur, kepatuhan minum obat, pengetahuan mengenai hipertensi, jenis kelamin, pendapatan, status gizi, serta dukungan sosial (p-value > 0,05) dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Namun, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia (p-value 0,001) dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Sementara itu, analisis regresi logistik ganda menemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan natrium dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Namun, pengendalian tekanan darah pasien hipertensi dipengaruhi oleh usia (p-value 0,000) dan durasi tidur (p-value 0,048) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel confounding, yaitu aktivitas fisik, kepatuhan minum obat, pengetahuan hipertensi, pendapatan rumah tangga, dan status gizi. Oleh karena itu, disarankan untuk melakukan intervensi dan tatalaksana hipertensi pada pasien hipertensi dengan menekankan kategori pasien hipertensi yang lebih berisiko memiliki tekanan darah tidak terkendali, yaitu berusia dewasa dan durasi tidur pendek. Namun, tetap memperhatikan asupan natrium, aktivitas fisik, kepatuhan minum obat, pengetahuan mengenai hipertensi, status gizi, dan dukungan sosial yang baik.

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Blood pressure control refers to a condition that describes the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of hypertensive patients. This condition can result from the compliance or non-compliance of hypertensive patients with lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapy. A study found that the rate of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients in Indonesia is less than 25%. The coverage of hypertension healthcare services and the prevalence of taking antihypertensive medication are also low. If this situation persists without proper intervention, it can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between sodium intake and other factors with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Kemiri Muka, Depok City in 2023. This study is secondary research deriving from a primary study titled “Relationship between Coffee Drinking Habits and Other Factors with Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients at the Kemiri Muka Public Health Center 2023”. This study is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design involving 156 hypertensive patients aged ≥ 18 years in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Kemiri Muka, Depok in 2023. Data analysis in this study was conducted using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression method. The result of this study found that 68,6% of hypertensive patients had uncontrolled blood pressure. The chi-square test analysis found no significant relationship between sodium intake, physical activity, sleep duration, medication adherence, knowledge about hypertension, sex, household income, nutritional status, and social support (p-value > 0,05) with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients. However, there was a significant relationship between age (p-value 0,001) with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients. Meanwhile, multiple logistic regression analyses found that there was no significant relationship between sodium intake with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients. However, the blood pressure control in hypertensive patients is influenced by age (p-value 0,000) and sleep duration (p-value 0,048) after being controlled by confounding variables, namely physical activity, medication adherence, knowledge about hypertension, household income, and nutritional status. Therefore, it is recommended to implement intervention and management for hypertensive patients by emphasizing hypertensive patient categories at higher risk of having uncontrolled blood pressure, namely adults and those with short sleep duration. However, attention should still be given to other factors such as adequate sodium intake, sufficient physical activity, strong medication adherence, comprehensive knowledge about hypertension, optimal nutritional status, and good social support."

"Penggunaan kemasan makanan yang semakin meningkat membuat sampah plastik menjadi isu lingkungan terbesar. Semenjak penggunaan plastik konvensional berasal dari polimer fossil, sehingga sulit diuraikan oleh bakteri. Solusi yang tepat adalah menggantikanya dengan bioplastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Chlorella vulgaris sebagai produsen Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) karena PHB memiliki karakteristik seperti biodegradabilitas, termoplastisitas, hidrofobik dan biokompatibilitas dengan sel dan jaringan, serta sifat fisik serupa dengan polypropylene yang berpotensi dalam aplikasinya di bidang pengemasan makanan, farmasi dan medis. PHB didapatkan dengan cara mengisolasi biomassa dari Chlorella vulgaris. Penelitian ini akan mempelajari metode isolasi PHB menggunakan metode disrupsi sel secara kimia dan mekanis yaitu dengan NaClO dan sonikasi dengan variasi konsentrasi massa dan konsentrasi pelarut. Metode isolasi dari C. vulgaris yang paling sederhana dan ekonomis adalah dengan tahapan umum berupa disrupsi sel, presipitasi PHB, dan pemurnian PHB. Metode kuantifikasi PHB yaitu dengan menghitung yield PHB, lalu identifikasi PHB dengan FTIR, dan menguji kualitas senyawa PHB terbaik dengan GCMS. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yield, hasil fisik PHB, dan hasil uji PHB. Pada kondisi konsentrasi sampel 0,6% w/v dan konsentrasi pelarut 1,37 % w/v menggunakan ultrasonikasi didapatkan hasil akhir PHB isolasi terbaik yaitu dengan yield 37,2%. Hasil GCMS sampel menunjukkan adanya senyawa n-hexadecanoic acid (asam palmitat), 9- Octadecanoic acid (asam oleat), 2-Palmitoylglycerol, serta Octadecanoic acid (asam stearat) sebagai senyawa utama yang dapat berpotensi sebagai bahan bioplastik.

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The increasing use of food packaging makes plastic waste the biggest environmental issue. Since the use of conventional plastic comes from fossil polymers, so it is difficult to be decomposed by bacteria. The right solution is to replace it with bioplastics. This study uses Chlorella vulgaris as a producer of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) because PHB has characteristics such as biodegradability, thermoplasticity, hydrophobicity and biocompatibility with cells and tissues, and physical properties similar to polypropylene which has the potential in its application in food, pharmaceutical and medical packaging. PHB is obtained by isolating biomass from Chlorella vulgaris. This research will study the method of PHB isolation using chemical and mechanical cell disruption methods, namely NaClO and sonication with variations in mass concentration and solvent concentration. The simplest and most economical method of isolation of C. vulgaris is the general stages of cell disruption, PHB precipitation, and PHB purification. The method of quantifying PHB is by calculating the yield of PHB, then identification of PHB by FTIR, and testing the quality of the best PHB compounds by GCMS. The parameters used in this study are yield, PHB physical results, and PHB test results. In the condition of 0.6% w/v sample concentration and 1.37% w/v solvent concentration using ultrasonication, the best PHB isolation yield was 37.2%. GCMS sample results showed the presence of n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9-Octadecanoic acid (oleic acid), 2- Palmitoylglycerol, and Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) as the main compounds that could potentially be bioplastic materials."

"Prehipertensi pada remaja didefinisikan sebagai tekanan darah sistolik dan/atau diastolik yang ≥90 persentil tetapi <95 persentil, sedangkan hipertensi pada remaja didefinisikan sebagai tekanan darah sistolik dan/atau diastolik 95th persentil hingga 99th persentil + 5 mmHg berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, dan tinggi badan. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu mengenai prehipertensi dan hipertensi remaja di Indonesia, prevalensi prehipertensi pada remaja mencapai 16,8%, sedangkan prevalensi hipertensi mencapai 2,6%. Penelitian sebelumnya mengenai prehipertensi remaja di salah satu SMA di Bogor, prevalensi prehipertensi mencapai 21,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi status prehipertensi dan hipertensi berdasarkan karakteristik individu, status gizi, asupan, dan gaya hidup pada siswa/i usia 15-18 tahun di SMA Negeri 2 Cibinong. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah 130 yang terdiri dari siswa/i kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri 2 Cibinong. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei - Juni melalui pengisian kuesioner (g-form), wawancara recall 2x24-h, pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, dan tekanan darah. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 29,2% responden mengalami prehipertensi dan 3,1% responden mengalami hipertensi tahap 1. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi prehipertensi dan hipertensi berdasarkan riwayat hipertensi keluarga (p-value=0,001; OR=4,020; 95% CI=1,765 - 9,159), asupan natrium (p-value=0,001; OR=19,091; 95% CI=5,91 - 61,61), asupan serat (p-value=0,001; OR=6,000; 95% CI=2,68 - 13,39), dan kebiasaan merokok (p-value=0,002; OR=10,118; 95% CI=2,044 - 50,091). Siswa/i dengan riwayat hipertensi keluarga, asupan natrium berlebih, asupan serat kurang, dan memiliki kebiasaan merokok lebih berisiko mengalami kejadian prehipertensi dan hipertensi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan siswa/i dapat mulai memperhatikan tekanan darah dengan melakukan pengukuran tekanan darah rutin sebulan sekali, membatasi asupan natrium ≤2000 mg atau 1 sdt per hari, meningkatkan asupan serat ≥25 gr per hari, dan mengurangi/menghentikan kebiasaan merokok.

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Prehypertension in adolescents is defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure that is ≥90th percentile but <95th percentile, while hypertension in adolescents is defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure of 95th percentile to 99th percentile + 5 mmHg based on gender, age, and height body. Based on previous research regarding prehypertension and adolescent hypertension in Indonesia, the prevalence of prehypertension in adolescents reached 16.8%, while the prevalence of hypertension reached 2.6%. Previous research on adolescent prehypertension in one high school in Bogor, the prevalence of prehypertension reached 21.5%. This study aims to determine differences in the proportion of prehypertension dan hypertension status based on individual characteristics, nutritional status, intake and lifestyle among students aged 15-18 years at SMA Negeri 2 Cibinong. The research design used in this study was cross-sectional with consecutive sampling technique. The number of respondents in this study was 130 consisting of students from class X and XI of SMA Negeri 2 Cibinong. Data collection was carried out in May - June through filling out questionnaires (g-form), 2x24-h recall interviews, measuring body weight, height and blood pressure. The research results showed that 29.2% of respondents had prehypertension and 3.1% of respondents had stage 1 hypertension. There were differences in the proportion of prehypertension and hypertension based on family history of hypertension (p-value=0.001; OR=4.020; 95% CI=1.765 - 9.159), sodium intake (p-value=0.001; OR=19.091; 95% CI=5.91 - 61.61), fiber intake (p-value=0.001; OR=6.000; 95% CI=2.68 - 13.39) , and smoking habits (p-value=0.002; OR=10.118; 95% CI=2.044 - 50.091). Students with a family history of hypertension, excessive sodium intake, insufficient fiber intake, and smoking habits are more at risk of experiencing prehypertension and hypertension. Based on the results of this research, it is hoped that students can start paying attention to blood pressure by taking regular blood pressure measurements once a month, limiting sodium intake to ≤2000 mg or 1 tsp per day, increasing fiber intake to ≥25 grams per day, and reducing/stopping the habit of smoke."

"ABSTRAKDinatrium 5 rsquo;-guanilat dan dinatrium 5 rsquo;-inosinat merupakan senyawa yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok nukleotida yang umumnya dapat digunakan dengan monosodium glutamat, untuk memperkuat rasa pada makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh metode analisis yang selektif untuk penetapan kadar dinatrium 5 rsquo;-guanilat dan dinatrium 5 rsquo;-inosinat dalam sampel penguat rasa menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi KCKT dengan detektor photodiode array pada panjang gelombang 255 nm dan menggunakan kolom Sunfire C18 panjang kolom 250 mm, ukuran diameter dalam 4,6 mm, ukuran partikel 5 ?m . Fase gerak yang digunakan adalah campuran dapar kalium fosfat dan reagen pasangan ion natrium heksan sulfonat dengan laju alir 1,2 mL/menit. Pasangan ion digunakan sebagai reagen agar terbentuk kesetimbangan yang bersifat netral sehingga terjadi peningkatan retensi analit. Kondisi analisis yang telah dioptimasi kemudian divalidasi mencakup akurasi, presisi, linieritas, selektivitas, batas deteksi, dan batas kuantitasi. Hasil menunjukkan kadar rata-rata dinatrium 5 rsquo;-inosinat pada keenam sampel penguat rasa masing-masing sebesar 0,24 1,46; 0,21 2,69; 0,58 3,26; 0,21 0,84; 0,22 3,59; 0,47 2,21. Sedangkan untuk kadar rata-rata dinatrium 5 rsquo;-guanilat pada keenam sampel penguat rasa masing-masing sebesar 0.15 2,85; 0,15 0,12; 0,41 3,80; 0,16 1,72; 0,27 1,18; 0,34 1,83.

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ABSTRACTDisodium 5 39 guanylate and disodium 5 39 inosinate are compounds belong to the group of nucleotides which are commonly used with monosodium glutamate, in order to strengthen the food taste. This research was aimed to obtain a selective analytical method for the assay of disodium 5 39 guanylate and disodium 5 39 inosinate in flavor enhancer sample using high performance liquid chromatography HPLC with photodiode array detector at the wavelength of 255 nm and using Sunfire C18 Column length 250 mm, inner diameter 4.6 mm, 5 m particle size . The mobile phase was a mixture of potassium phosphate buffer and ion pair reagents, hexane 1 sulfonic acid sodium salt, with a flow rate of 1.2 mL minute. The ion pair was used to form a neutral equilibrium resulting in an increased retention of the analyte. The optimized analysis conditions then validated with parameters of accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity, limit of detection, and limit of quantifiction. The results showed the average level of the disodium 5 rsquo inosinate in the six flavored samples of each 0.24 1.46 0.21 2.69 0.58 3.26 0.21 0.84 0.22 3.59 0.47 2.21. As for the average level of the disodium 5 rsquo guanylate in the six samples of the flavor enhancers were respectively 0.15 2.85 0.15 0.12 0.41 3.80 0.16 1.72 0.27 1.18 0.34 1.83."

"ABSTRACTSodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is a strong contender for as a new battery system over lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for rechargeable large-scale energy storage applications. Cathode materials for SIBs have been well developed. Anode materials, on the other hand, are still under development. Transition metal oxides cumulating Na ions by chemically conversion reactions and intercalation mechanism have made extensive research interest due to its high theoretical capacity. In particular, tin dioxide has been primarily studied as an auspicious anode material for both LIBs and SIBs. However, significant volume changes take place during battery charging and discharging, especially in SIBs. It has been well documented that the electrochemical properties of the material can be enhanced by using several strategies, such as nanostructuring and doping of a second element, such as cobalt (Co). In this study, porous CoSnO3 nanocubes were synthesised, characterised, and tested against SIBs. The material yielded a performance of 306.7 mAhg-1 sodium-ion storage capacity at a current density of 50 mAg-1, which is quite a high number when compared with other anode material such as nickel oxide (300 mAhg-1), tin dioxide (170 mAhg-1), and cobalt oxide (153.8 mAhg-1).

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ABSTRAKBaterai sodium-ion atau Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs) adalah pesaing kuat untuk sebagai sistem baterai baru dibandingkan baterai lithium-ion atau Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) untuk aplikasi penyimpanan energi skala besar yang dapat diisi ulang. Bahan katoda untuk SIB telah dikembangkan dengan baik. Bahan anoda, di sisi lain, masih dalam pengembangan. Oksida logam transisi yang mengakumulasi ion-ion Na dengan reaksi konversi kimia dan mekanisme interkalasi telah menghasilkan minat penelitian yang luas karena kapasitas teoretisnya yang tinggi. Secara khusus, timah dioksida telah dipelajari terutama sebagai bahan anoda yang menguntungkan baik untuk LIB maupun SIB. Namun, perubahan volume yang signifikan terjadi selama pengisian dan pemakaian baterai, terutama pada SIB. Telah didokumentasikan dengan baik bahwa sifat elektrokimia material dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan beberapa strategi, seperti nanostrukturisasi dan doping elemen kedua, seperti kobalt (Co). Dalam penelitian ini, nanocube CoSnO3 berpori disintesis, dikarakterisasi, dan diuji terhadap SIB. Bahan ini menghasilkan kinerja 306,7 mAhg-1 kapasitas penyimpanan sodium-ion pada kepadatan arus 50 mAg-1, yang jumlahnya cukup tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan bahan anoda lainnya seperti oksida nikel (300 mAhg-1), timah dioksida (170 mAhg-1), dan kobal oksida (153,8 mAhg-1)."