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"ABSTRAKSuatu penelitlan pendahuluan tentang kondisi habitat dan perilaku Primata dari jenis Owa (Hylobates moloch) telah dilakukan di Cagar Alam Gunung Halirnun, Jawa Barat. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan rnakan owa, pengambilan data vegetasi dengan metoda kuadrat, pengamatan jenis tegakan dan bagian tegakan yang dimakan oleh owa, penggunaan strata hutan untuk berbagai kegiatan owa, dan analisis komposisi tegakan hutan dalam penggunaannya sebagal habitat.Dari hasil penelitian ini, ternyata bahwa komposisi dan keanekaan jenis tegakan penyusun komunitas hutan primer dan hutan sekunder tidak sama, baik untuk tegakan tingkat pohon maupun tingkat tiang. Kegiatan makan di strata hutan ada kaitannya dengan jenis dan jumlah tegakan yang menjadi pakarnya, namun kekerapan penggunaan stratum tertentu dipengaruhi oleh adanya variasi diurnal. Perbedaan ketinggian setiap stratum serta kerapatan tajuk antar tegakan, menyebabkan terjadinya penggunaan berbagai kegiatan yang berbeda. Berdasarkan besarnya nilal penting Ki Afrika (Maesopsis erninii) untuk tingkat pohon, jenis eksotik ini diduga mampu menjadi pakan utama bagi Owa di hutan sekunder. Berdasarkan fakta melimpahnya pakan yang tersedia di hutan primer dan sekunder Cagar Alan Gunung Halimun, kedua tipe hutan tersebut diduga mampu untuk mendukung kelangasungan hidup owa.ABSTRACT"

"Konsepsi pendidikan nasional yang berakar dari kebudayaan bangsa Indonesia, seperti tertuang dalam UUD'45, diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan serta harkat dan martabat bangsa, mewujudkan masyarakat yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan YME, berkualitas, serta mampu membangun dirinya sendiri dan masyarakat sekelilingnya. Untuk itu penyelenggaraan pendidikan nasional harus mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa didik berdasarkan kaidah dan rambu-rambu seperti tertuang dalam undang-undang."

"This research is related to the Role of Forestry industry on Local Economical Structure Development at West Kalimantan.From existing problems, the following are formulated for research objective:(1) To describe and analyze economical structure of West Kalimantan for last three years (2000 - 2002). (2) To decide the role of forestry manufacturing industry on labor for last three years and to estimate it for 2004 ? 2008. (3) To analyze and estimate local dynamic condition at West Kalimantan for 2004 - 2008. Means of dynamic condition here is all living aspects which cover economic, politics, social, culture and defense aspectsUsed method is analysis-descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative data. Used data is secondary data, where there is hesitancy on secondary data or there is no secondary data which has been done with structured interview or questionnaire with involved officials.For research objective on point (1), observed varible is agriculture, manufacturing industrial and trade sectors. And in order to answer research objective on point (2), observed variable is large and medium-scale industries, labor force, amount of employed population with junior high school graduated. And to answer point (3), observed varibie is politics, economical, social, culture and security.The following is results of the research :1. Economical structure on West Kalimantan which reflected from GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is still supported by agriculture, manufacturing industry, trade sectors and hotel and restaurants, and contribute 26.03% for agriculture sector, 23.27% for manufacturing and trade sector, and then hotel and restaurant contribute 20.97%. Totally those three sectors contribute to 70.27% for Gross Domestic Product which is a reflection of economical structure at West Kalimantan.2. Total labor force in manufacturing sector on 2001 was around 43,153 which include timber manufacturing was around 34,957 or 79.52%, and food and beverage processing industry was around 3,729 or 6.64%, and rubber processing industry was around 2,215 or 5.13%. Totally those three industries can absorb around 40,901 or 94,7% of total labor force in large and middle-scale manufacturing industry.3. Local dynamic condition which is seen from political aspect showed two majority races (Malay and Dayaks) as the cornerstone of population at West Kalimantan which even has different religious, however, they have higher political awareness as citizen under NKRI (The integrated Nation of the Republic of Indonesia). And from interaction at social culture aspects showed that in West Kalimantan is similar to other Indonesian regions which can be said as a harmonious living (Malay, Dayaks, Chinese, and outsiders) as long as under a certain boundary, the outsiders can adjust their living pattern (they can get along together)."

"Indonesia merupakan negara yang mendominasi bahan bakurotan dunia, untuk itu perlu meningkatkan upaya yang dapat melestarikansumberdaya rotan sehingga tetap dapat diambil manfaatnya bagi masyarakatdan bagi devisa negara. Masalah yang timbul adalah semakin Iangkanyasumberdaya rotan di hutan alam dan bagaimana mengusahakanpengembangannya melalui budidaya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) seberapa besar potensirotan yang terdapat di hutan alam; (2) jenis bahan baku apa yang diperlukandan berapa besar drbutuhkan oleh industri rotan; serta (3) mengetahuikelayakan budidaya rotan dilihat dari segi teknis, lingkungan dan sosialekonomi. Sehubungan dengan itu untuk kawasan hutan KPH Sukabumidiajukan dua hipotesis yaitu (1) potensi rotan alat dapat memenuhikebutuhan industri rotan Tegalwangi; dan (2) kawasan hutan layak untukdijadikan kawasan budidaya rotan. Desain penelitian berupa survai analitis,di mana data potensi rotan alam diambil dengan menggunakan sistematiksampling dengan unit contoh berupa jalur dengan intensitas 0,05%,sedangkan data lain diambil melalui pengamatan lapangan, wawancarabebas dengan buruh kerja, data dari sentra industri rotan Tegalwangi sertapustaka.Pengolahan data potensi rotan dilakukan dengan metoda Ratio estimate instratified sampling (dengan stratum pertama berupa hutan produksi danstratum kedua berupa hutan lindung). Anallsis finansial diolah denganmenggunakan metode Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return(IRR), Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio dan metode Pay Back Period (PBP).Dari data diperoleh hutan alam KPH Sukabumi terdapat rotan lokalbatangan masak tebang sebanyak 11.278.671 batang terdiri dari 8.526-181batang terdapat di hutan produksi dan 4.750.491 batang terdapat di hutanlindung dengan jenis-jenis sebagai berikut Balukbuk (Plectocomiagriffithii), Teretes (Calamus heteroides), Seuti (C. scipionum), Seel(Daemonorops hystrix), Sampay (Korthalsia junghunif), Pelah (C.perokensis), dan Mencek (D. langipes). Sedangkan jenis-jenis yangdigunakan industri rotan Tegalwangi pada tahun 1991 yang berjumlah 6.404.010 batang berasal dari jenis Manau (C. manan), Seuti, Mandola,Seel, Tohiti (C. irops), Balukbuk, Teretes dan Semambu (C. scorpionum)dengan laju peningkatan penggunaan rotan batangan 30,07% per tahun.Sedangkan rotan jari masak tebang terdapat sebesar 91.501,74 kg di mana36.169,46 kg terdapat di hutan produksi dan 58.521,40 kg terdapat di hutanlindung, dengan jenis-jenis berupa Peuteuy (C. ciliaris), Omas (C.oxleiyamus), Leules (C. asperrimus), Kidang (D. grandis) dan Cacing (C.javensis). Adapun bahan baku yang digunakan oleh industri Tegalwangipada tahun 1991 berjumlah 3.310.000 kg dengan jenis yang dibutuhkanberupa rotan Sega (C. caesius), Irit (C. trachycoleus) dan Pulut, dengan lajupeningkatan penggunaan rata-rata sebesar 23,74% per tahun.Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka hipotesis pertama ditolak karena rotan alamlokal KPH Sukabumi tidak dapat memenuhi akan jenis yang dimintamaupun dari ketersediaan potensi rotan yang terdapat di alum secara terusmenerus.Dengan mempertimbangkan permintaan pasar, kesesuaian tempat tumbuh,kemudahan penyediaan benih, teknik silvikultur, peluang teknologi dankualitas hasil yang diharapkan maka jenis yang dipilih untuk dibudidayakanadalah rotan Manau, Seel, Seuti, Balukbuk, Pelah dan Teretes.Dengan analisis finansial pada discounted rate 16% layak dibudidayakanrotan dalam bentuk tanaman pengisi dari jenis rotan lokal maupun rotanManau. Sedangkan dengan mempertimbangkan permintaan pasar dankondisi resistensi lingkungan maka sebaiknya dilaksanakan budidaya dalambentuk tanaman pengisi roman campuran. Kondisi ini juga didukung olehkondisi sosial masyarakat yang memerlukan penyediaan lapangan kerja,dalam hal mana budidaya rotan dengan sistem ini dapat menyerap 641 orangtenaga kerja, sehingga hipotesis kedua dapat diterima.

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AbstractIndonesia is a country that dominates rattan supply for theworldwide. As of this, Indonesia must make efforts to conserve theresources while at the same takes advantages of its resources and the foreignexchange. The problems here were (1) the concern was that the rattanresource in the natural forest was declining too much that it would soon beendangered; (2) the effort to improve this condition can be made-throughplanting (cultivation).These research objectives were to assess the potency of rattan in the naturalforest, and to assess the feasibility of each variety of rattan planting thatwould considering the technical, environmental and social economical aspects. The hypotheses were (1) the potency of natural rattan which shouldfulfill the demand of Tegalwangi rattan industry; (2) the forest area shouldbe feasible for the rattan planting area. The research design was analyticalsurvey. The sampling technique for the rattan potency data was systematicsampling, with lines sampling units and its intensity was 0,05%.Observation, interview and secondary sources have collected the other data.The rattan potency data were processed by the ratio estimated in stratifiedtechnical sampling method, where the first stratum was production forestand the second stratum was protection forest. Net Present Value (NPV),Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost (BC) Ratio and Pay BackPeriod processed the financial analyses.In the natural forest of KPH Sukabumi that has been found 13,278,671pieces mature trees of local rattan which consist of 8,526,181 pieces ?riomproduction forest and 4,750,491 pieces from protection forest. Those rattanspecies were Balukbuk (Plectocomia griffithii), Teretes (Calamusheteroides), Seuti (C. scipionum), Seel (Daemonorops hystrix), Sampay(Korthalsia junghunii), Pelah (C. perokensis), and Mencek (D. Iangipes). In1991 Tegalwangi rattan industry used 6,404,010 pieces rattan, its specieswere Manau (C. manan), Seuti, Mandela, Seel, Tohiti (C. irops), Balukbuk,Teretes and Semambu (C. scorpionum), with a rattan using growth rate of30.07% per annum.The mature finger rattans that have been found were as follows 91,501.74kg where 36,169.46 kg was in the production forest and 58,521.40 kg was inthe protection forest. Those rattan species were Peuteuy (C. ciliaris), Omas(C. oxleiyamus), Leules (C. asperrimus), Kidang (D. grandis) and Cacing(C. javensis). In 1991 Tegalwangi rattan industry used 3,310,000 kg whichits species were Sega (C. caesius), Irit (C. trachycoleus) and Pulut, with arattan using growth rate of 23.74% per annum.Based on those data, the first hypothesis was rejected, because the localnatural rattan from KPH Sukabumi could not fulfill the demand of thespecies and supply continually.The selected species for planting were Manau, Seel, Seuti, Balukbuk, Pelahand Teretes. The considering was based on the market demand, habitatsuitability, ease of seed supply, silviculture technic, technology and cropquality.Based on the financial analysis on 16% discounted rate, the rattan should befeasible for planting in inter-planting form, from both local rattan andMauna rattan. Considering on the market demand and the environmentresistance condition, the planting should be done in mixed rattan inter-planting form. This condition should be supported by a societal conditionthat needs working opportunities. The rattan planting by this system needs641 workers; thus the second hypothesis was accepted."