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""This book analyses the role of international organisations in WTO dispute settlement as arising from a number of WTO disputes. In particular, the roles of the IMF, WIPO, WCO and WHO are addressed. The use of the Vienna Convention rules of interpretation framework allows an evaluation of the weight attributed to this material by the WTO adjudicator. This allows specific conclusions to be drawn regarding the level of institutional sensitivity of the WTO adjudicator to each of the organisations. As well as being a valuable source of research, the analysis will appeal to international law scholars, civil servants and law practitioners interested in the WTO and dispute settlement"-- Provided by publisher."

"Dewasa ini, fasilitasi perdagangan merupakan elemen penting dalam proses ekspor-impor suatu negara. Fasilitasi perdagangan pertama kali dibahas dalam Singapore Ministerial Conference tahun 1996 dan kemudian dikategorikan sebagai salah satu Singapore Issues. Akan tetapi, negosiasi terhadap fasilitasi perdagangan antara negara-negara WTO sempat mengalami deadlock dan menghabiskan waktu yang cukup lama. Hingga akhirnya pada 22 Februari 2017, Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan mulai diberlakukan bagi negara-negara anggota WTO. Dimulainya penerapan single window system di Indonesia, atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai Indonesia National Single Window INSW pada tahun 2008 menandai bahwa Indonesia menjalankan komitmen dalam negosiasi fasilitasi perdagangan WTO. Hal yang menarik adalah dalam hal ini Indonesia sudah mulai menerapkan kebijakan single window system sebelum kesepakatan terhadap Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan dicapai. Penerapan sistem ini dinilai penting oleh Indonesia demi menunjang proses ekspor-impor yang lebih efektif dan efisien, sebab seringkali proses tersebut memakan banyak waktu dan biaya yang cukup besar. Namun demikian, sebagai negara berkembang Indonesia membutuhkan dukungan baik secara kebijakan maupun pendanaan untuk dapat membangun sistem ini. Tulisan ini kemudian melihat bagaimana keterlibatan atau pengaruh WTO dan Bank Dunia dalam pengembangan sistem INSW. Dalam hal ini, pengaruh WTO lebih ditekankan pada penetapan aturan perdagangan yang berkaitan dengan fasilitasi perdagangan. Kemudian, keterlibatan Bank Dunia adalah dari sisi pendanaan dan pengawasan melalui program Development Policy Loan DPL yang mendukung policy reform, khususnya dalam kebijakan pengembangan sistem INSW. Cognitive authority yang dibangun oleh keduanya menunjukkan terdapat strong institutional belief untuk mewujudkan terciptanya perekonomian negara-negara di dunia yang lebih terbuka.

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Nowadays, trade facilitation is a prominent element in a country rsquo s export import process. Trade facilitation was first discussed at the Singapore Ministerial Conference in 1996 and subsequently categorized as one the ldquo Singapore Issues. However, the negotiations on trade facilitation had been deadlocked and took considerable time to reach the conclusion. On February 22, 2017, the Trade Facilitation Agreement was finally applied to all of the WTO member countries. The commencement of the implementation of single window system in Indonesia, or Indonesia National Single Window INSW in 2008, indicates that Indonesia is committed to WTO trade facilitation negotiations. Indonesia has implemented this system even long before the Trade Facilitation Agreement is reached, which is considered unique as Indonesia is categorized as a developing country. Implementation of this system is considered crucial for Indonesia in order to promote the efficiency and effectivity of trade process, because sometimes this process takes a lot of time and costly indeed. Nevertheless, as a developing country Indonesia needs both policy support and funding to build this system. This paper explains the involvement of WTO and The World Bank in developing INSW system. In this case, the involvement of WTO is more emphasized on setting trade rules, especially relating to trade facilitation. The World Banks involvement is more on funding and monitoring through Development Policy Loan DPL program that promotes policy reform, particularly in the development of INSW system. Their cognitive authority shows there is strong institutional belief to stimulate more liberalized world."

""The legitimacy of the WTO's decision-making process has always been questioned, and many have advocated public participation mechanisms as a remedy. Yves Bonzon considers the limits and potential of these mechanisms by advancing a conceptual framework which distinguishes the four 'implementation parameters' of public participation: the goal, the object, the modalities, and the actors. He addresses the issue of legitimacy by considering to what extent, and by virtue of which legal principles, one can see implementing the democratic principle as a goal for public participation in the context of the WTO. By analysing the institutional structure of the WTO and its different types of decisions, he then outlines how this goal should influence the object and modalities of public participation, which decision-making procedures should be opened to public participation, and how the mechanisms should be implemented in practice. Finally, he suggests specific amendments to existing WTO arrangements on public participation"-"

"Perdagangan pangan internasional berperan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dunia. Karena itu, WTO sebagai lembaga internasional yang mengatur perdangangan internasional membuat beberapa ketentuan yang mengatur tentang perdagangan internasional terkait pangan. Penelitian ini menganalisis keselarasan ketentuan hukum perdagangan luar negeri Indonesia terkait pangan ditinjau dari ketentuan WTO, dengan melakukan perbandingan atas prinsip dan peraturan ketentuan perdagangan dan perdagangan luar negeri Indonesia terkait pangan dengan prinsip dan ketentuan WTO. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah studi kepustakaan menggunakan sumber hukum primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia sebagai salah satu anggota WTO, nyatanya memiliki beberapa ketentuan perdagangan pangan yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan WTO, yang berdampak terhadap harga dan ketersediaan pangan di dalam negeri.

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International food trade plays an important role in meeting world food needs. Consequently, WTO as an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade makes several provisions governing international trade related to foods. This thesis analyzes the harmony of the provisions of Indonesia’s international trade law based on WTO law, by comparing the principles and regulations of Indonesia’s international trade related to foods and trade with WTO principles and provisions. The method that is used in this thesis is library studies of primary and secondary source of law. This study found that Indonesia, as one of the members of WTO, has several food trade laws that are not in accordance with the WTO law, that impacts the price and availability of foods in the country."