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"This atlas will illustrate the distribution and morphological features of interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) which are the key cells to understanding of the regulatory mechanism of gastrointestinal motility, since ICC act as both pacemaker and as intermediates in neural transmission, and since ICC show specific distribution patterns depending on their anatomical positions. All subtypes of ICC located in the different tissue layers and different levels of the gastrointestinal tract will be revealed by immunohistochemistry for Kit receptors and nerves by using mainly whole-mount stretch preparation of the guinea-pig tissues. Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal images will particularly help the readers to understand the peculiar arrangement of ICC networks in situ and the correlation between ICC and nerves. Electron micrographs will help illustrate the characteristic features of ICC and their ultrastructural differences from fibroblasts, smooth muscles and other interstitial cells."

"Latar Belakang: Indeks massa bebas lemak (IMBL) merupakan salah satu marker komposisi tubuh yang mudah dan relatif murah untuk dilakukan serta berhubungan dengan kapasitas fungsional pascaoperasi. Kurangnya asupan, peningkatan inflamasi serta status cairan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal yang menjalani operasi dapat menyebabkan perubahan IMBL yang mungkin berperan terhadap kapasitas fungsional pascaoperasi. Kekuatan genggam tangan merupakan salah satu marker kapasitas fungsional yang mudah, murah dan cepat dapat dilakukan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal pascaoperasi. Hingga saat ini belum banyak penelitian yang menilai korelasi antara perubahan indeks massa bebas lemak dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal yang menjalani operasi.Metode: Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan pasien kanker gastrointestinal dewasa yang akan menjalani pembedahan elektif di salah satu RS tersier di Indonesia. Dilakukan pengukuran IMBL dan kekuatan genggam tangan pascaoperasi pada pascaoperasi hari ke-5 (POD-5) sedangkan data praoperasi diambil dari data rekam medik. Penilaian perubahan IMBL dan kekuatan genggam tangan dilakukan menggunakan excel, dan pengolahan data secara statistik dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 20.Hasil: Dari total 32 subjek yang direkrut, tidak terdapat drop out. Didapatkan nilai rerata delta IMBL adalah 1,41,9 kg/m2 dengan nilai tengah delta kekuatan genggam tangan adalah –2,1(–7,5)–10) kg. Terdapat peningkatan persentase pasien yang memiliki IMBL normal pada pascaoperasi dari 69% menjadi 84%. Data karakteristik didapatkan rerata peningkatan TBW sebesar 3,1±4,3% pascaoperasi. Hasil analisis statistik korelasi delta IMBL dan delta kekuatan genggam tangan menggunakan Spearman menghasilkan korelasi sedang negatif dengan koefisien korelasi (r) –0,437 dengan nilai p=0,012.Kesimpulan: IMBL dan kekuatan genggam tangan merupakan marker komposisi tubuh dan kapasitas fungsional yang cukup baik, relatif murah dan mudah dilakukan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal pascaoperasi. Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi IMBL pascaoperasi antara lain massa otot dan status cairan tubuh, penilaian IMBL pascaoperasi memerlukan pertimbangan marker lainnya yang juga dapat memengaruhi kekuatan genggam tangan pascaoperasi.

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Background: Fat-free mass index (FFMI) is an accessible and relatively cost- effective body composition marker that correlates with post-operative functional capacity. Insufficient intake, increased inflammation, and fluid status in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery can lead to FFMI changes that may affect post-operative functional capacity. Handgrip strength serves as an accessible, cost-effective, and rapid marker of functional capacity for post- operative gastrointestinal cancer patients. Currently, there is limited research examining the correlation between changes in fat-free mass index and handgrip strength in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved adult gastrointestinal cancer patients scheduled for elective surgery at a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. FFMI and handgrip strength measurements were taken on post-operative day 5 (POD-5), while pre-operative data was collected from medical records. Changes in FFMI and handgrip strength were assessed using Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.

Results: Of the 32 recruited subjects, there were no dropouts. The mean FFMI delta was 1.4±1.9 kg/m2, with a median handgrip strength delta of –2.1(–7.5)–10) kg. There was an increase in the percentage of patients with normal FFMI post- operation from 69% to 84%. Characteristic data showed a mean total body water (TBW) increase of 3.1±4.3% post-operation. Statistical analysis of the correlation between FFMI delta and handgrip strength delta using Spearman's test showed a moderate negative correlation with a correlation coefficient (r) of –0.437 and p- value=0.012.

Conclusion: FFMI and handgrip strength are reliable, relatively cost-effective, and easily implemented markers of body composition and functional capacity in post-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients. Multiple factors influence post- operative FFMI, including muscle mass and body fluid status. Post-operative FFMI assessment requires consideration of other markers that may also affect post-operative handgrip strength."

"Latar Belakang: Pembedahan saluran cerna dapat menurunkan kapasitas fungsional, terlihat dari penurunan kekuatan genggam tangan, yang berhubungan dengan malnutrisi dan inflamasi. Albumin adalah parameter nutrisi penting yang dapat memengaruhi kekuatan otot, tetapi hubungan antara perubahan kadar albumin dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien pasca bedah saluran cerna belum banyak diteliti.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi kohort prospektif pada 52 pasien dewasa (19–65 tahun) yang menjalani pembedahan saluran cerna di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Kadar albumin serum diukur sebelum dan setelah operasi, sementara kekuatan genggam tangan dinilai menggunakan dinamometer digital. Analisis korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara perubahan kadar albumin dan kekuatan genggam tangan.Hasil: Mayoritas subjek memiliki kekuatan genggam tangan praoperasi rendah, dengan rata-rata penurunan kekuatan genggam pascaoperasi sebesar 3,5 kg. Mayoritas pasien juga mengalami hipoalbuminemia pascaoperasi, dengan rerata penurunan kadar albumin 0,4 g/dL. Uji korelasi menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara perubahan kadar albumin dan kekuatan genggam tangan pascaoperasi (r = 0,328; p = 0,018). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi sedang yang signifikan antara perubahan kadar albumin dan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien pasca bedah saluran cerna.

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Background: Gastrointestinal surgery can reduce functional capacity, evidenced by a decline in handgrip strength, which is associated with malnutrition and inflammation. Albumin is an essential nutritional parameter that can influence muscle strength, but the relationship between changes in serum albumin levels and handgrip strength in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients has not been extensively studied. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort involving 52 adult patients (aged 19–65 years) who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. Serum albumin levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, while handgrip strength was assessed using a digital dynamometer. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between changes in serum albumin levels and handgrip strength.

Results: The majority of subjects had low preoperative handgrip strength, with an average decrease in postoperative handgrip strength of 3.5 kg. Most patients also experienced postoperative hypoalbuminemia, with an average albumin level reduction of 0.4 g/dL. Correlation analysis revealed a significant moderate association between changes in serum albumin levels and handgrip strength (r = 0,328; p = 0,018). Conclusion: There is a significant moderate correlation between changes in serum albumin levels and changes in handgrip strength in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients."

"We report three rare cases of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Two cases are of gastric MALT lymphoma and one is a case of transverse colon MALT lymphoma. The two cases of gastric MALT lymphoma were diagnosed by endoscopy which demonstrated an ulcer in the cardia and another in the corpus. The first case is in a 62-year-old male. The patients medical history revealed upper GI tract bleeding with melaena in 1993. At the time no diagnosis was made on endoscopy In August 2000, melaena recurred and endoscopy showed an ulcer in the cardio. Histology showed high-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. Based on Ann Arbor classification, the patient was classified as stage IE gastrointestinal lymphoma. H. pylori was negative. The patient received chemotherapy The second case is in a 53-year-old male. He suffered from gastric lymphoma for 3 years. He complained of annually recurring haematemesis before a definitive diagnosis was finally established. He suffered jiom stage IE low-grade well-differentiated lymphocytic MALT lymphoma. H. pylori was negative. Endoscopic procedure after H. pylori eradication showed ulcer regression though histology still showed low-grade MALT lymphoma and H. pylori as positive. The third case is in a 46-year-old male with a complaint of haematochezia. Colonoscopy showed intususception due to tumor in the transverse colon. Histologic examination showed chronic colitis and granulomatosa. lnvagination due to colon tumor was reported. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen showed low-grade small cell lymphocyte-plasmocytoid lymphoma. "

"The gastrointestinal track provides one of the distinct systems where multiple malignancies, including adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, esophagus and colon are each associated with obesity. The focus on possible dietary contribution as well as the role of exercise in prevention and therapy is presented in both animal model and patient based studies. Special focus is provided also on the role of genetic mutations and inflammatory pathways as drivers of these obesity related gastrointestinal malignancies. "

"This recent results in cancer research volume contains the majority of the invited expert contributions from the First St. Gallen EORTC Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference, held on 22-24 March 2012 in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Written by some of the world?s leading experts in the field, the volume constitutes a comprehensive update on recent developments in the imaging, molecular biology, pathology, and multidisciplinary management of early cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The latest recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment are provided, and areas of consensus and controversy, identified. While the principal focus is on esophageal and gastric cancer, advances in the treatment of colorectal and pancreatic cancer are also discussed in some detail."

"Pendahuluan: COVID-19 telah dilaporkan menyebabkan berbagai gejala, termasuk gejala pernapasan dan gejala gastrointestinal seperti mual, muntah, dan diare. Standar emas untuk pengujian COVID-19 adalah RT-PCR menggunakan koleksi swab nasofaring. Namun, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan swab nasofaring memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, terutama untuk mendeteksi gejala gastrointestinal. Salah satu variabel dalam pengujian RT-PCR adalah Nilai CT yang diketahui dapat meningkatkan spesifisitas pengujian. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan Nilai CT pasien dengan pengambilan sampel swab anal dengan gejala gastrointestinal terkait COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik, khususnya penelitian potong lintang. Data sekunder diperoleh dan diolah yang berisi data pribadi, pekerjaan, dan hasil CT Value. Analisis lebih lanjut dilakukan pada hubungan antara gejala gastrointestinal dan tingkat Nilai CT pada swab anal. Hasil: Distribusi tingkat Nilai CT responden berdasarkan cut off >25 untuk tinggi, dan <25 untuk rendah dan sedang. Dari 37 subjek, 1 orang (2,7%) memiliki Nilai CT rendah dan 36 pasien memiliki Nilai CT tinggi. Distribusi gejala subjek didapatkan 15 pasien (40,5%) tidak mengalami gejala gastrointestinal dan sebanyak 22 pasien (59,5%) mengalami gejala gastrointestinal. Gejala gastrointestinal umum yang dilaporkan pada pasien meliputi: mual (54,1%), muntah (18,9%), sakit perut (16,2%) dan diare (13,5%). Namun, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara Nilai CT pada pengambilan anal swab dengan gejala gastrointestinal pada pasien COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Hubungan antara Nilai CT pada pengambilan anal swab dengan gejala gastrointestinal pada pasien COVID-19 tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi hasil nilai CT direkomendasikan.

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Introduction: COVID-19 has been reported to cause a range of symptoms, including respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The gold standard for COVID-19 testing is RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal swab collection. However, several studies have shown that taking nasopharyngeal swabs have some limitation, particularly to detect gastrointestinal symptoms. One of the variables in RT-PCR testing is CT Value, which known can increase specifity of the test. However, there has been no study linking the CT Value of patients with anal swab sampling with COVID-19 related gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: This study used an analytical research design, particularly a cross-sectional study. Secondary data were obtained and processed which contained personal data, work, and CT Value results. Further analysis was conducted on the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and the level of CT Value on anal swabs. Result: The distribution of respondents' CT Value levels were based on a cut off of >25 for high, and <25 for low and moderate. From 37 subjects, 1 person (2.7%) had a low CT Value and 36 patients had a high CT Value. The distribution of the subject's symptoms found 15 patients (40.5%) had no gastrointestinal symptoms and as many as 22 patients (59.5%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. Common gastrointestinal symptoms reported in patients include: nausea (54.1%), vomiting (18.9%), abdominal pain (16.2%) and diarrhea (13.5%). However, there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between CT Value in anal swab taking and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The association between CT Value in anal swab taking and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients did not show a significant relationship. Further research on risk factors affecting the CT value results are recommended"