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"In 1961 South Korea was mired in poverty. By 1979 it had a powerful industrial economy and a vibrant civil society in the making, which would lead to a democratic breakthrough eight years later. The transformation took place during the years of Park Chung Hee's presidency. Park seized power in a coup in 1961 and ruled as a virtual dictator until his assassination in October 1979. He is credited with modernizing South Korea, but at a huge political and social cost.South Korea's political landscape under Park defies easy categorization. The state was predatory yet technocratic, reform-minded yet quick to crack down on dissidents in the name of political order. The nation was balanced uneasily between opposition forces calling for democratic reforms and the Park government's obsession with economic growth. The chaebol (a powerful conglomerate of multinationals based in South Korea) received massive government support to pioneer new growth industries, even as a nationwide campaign of economic shock therapy-interest hikes, devaluation, and wage cuts-met strong public resistance and caused considerable hardship.This landmark volume examines South Korea's era of development as a study in the complex politics of modernization. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources in both English and Korean, these essays recover and contextualize many of the ambiguities in South Korea's trajectory from poverty to a sustainable high rate of economic growth."

"Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas mengenai peran negara dalam mendorong Chaebol dalam pembangunan industri dengan mengambil studi kasus industri otomotif di Korea Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Kualitatif dan menganalisa mengenai peran negara dalam mendorong Chaebol untuk berpartisipasi dalam industri otomotif. Sebagaimana yang umumnya berlaku di negara industri baru yang belum tumbuh, para pebisnis besar di negara industri baru berada dalam kondisi kurang secara modal dan teknologi, peran negara yang besar dengan demikian menjadi sentral sebagai inisiator industrialisasi.Temuan penulis menunjukan bahwa daripada bermotif semata-mata ekonomis, untuk mempromosikan ekspor dan membangun sektor industri ini sebagai garda depan industri, tujuan pengembangan sektor otomotif lebih didasarkan pada faktor ekonomi politik. Begitu juga dengan kondisi para Chaebol yang berpartisipasi dalam industri otomotif, meskipun negara telah memberi kebebasan kepada mereka untuk berpartisipasi dalam sektor industri, namun negara masih memperoleh kontrol kuat melalui instrumen kebijakan yang membatasi ruang gerak para Chaebol.

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This Final Paper discusses the role of the state in emboldening the Chaebol in bolstering industrial development which takes automobile industry in South Korea as case study. This research employs qualitative method and analyses the role of the state in encouraging the Chaebol to participate in automobile industry en masse. As generally prevailed in fledgling NIC's, South Korean conglomerates still lack both suffice capital and sophisticated technology. All in all, in such deplorable circumstances to economic growth the role of the state was pivotal as pioneer of industrialization.The finding of this research shows that the reason of the state to burgeon automobile industry was not solely on economic reason, that is to promote export and build this sector as spearhead in industrialization, as a matter of fact it was driven sheerly by political economic logic. So too the Chaebol which participated in automobile industry which was given freedom to participate in industrial sectors yet the state still harnessed them by means of policy instrument."

"Skripsi ini membahas peranan nilai-nilai Konfusianisme sebagai pandangan fundamental bangsa Korea keseluruhan dalam pemerintahan Park Chung Hee secara khusus dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan ekonomi Korea Selatan tahun 1961-1979. Pembahasan tersebut akan mengurai bagaimana pengaruh internal (nilai-nilai Konfusianisme) dan eksternal (pengaruh Amerika Serikat dan Jepang) berpengaruh kepada Park Chung Hee dan pemerintahannya. Penelitian akan dibuktikan dengan analisis kualitatif deskriptif atas nilai-nilai Konfusianisme yang terkandung dalam kepemimpinan Park Chung Hee, kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintahan Park serta resistensinya terhadap Konfusianisme dan pengaruh asing. Hasil studi ini membuktikan adanya hubungan antara nilai-nilai Konfusianisme dengan kepemimpinan Park Chung Hee tahun 1961-1979 dalam peranannya terhadap perkembangan ekonomi Korea Selatan.

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The focus of this study is to explain the role of Confucian values as Korean’s fundamental view in Park Chung Hee’s era specifically and its influences toward South Korea’s economy development 1961-1979. This study would describe how both internal factor (Confucian values) and external factor (USA and Japan) give influences toward Park Chung Hee himself and his government. This study will be conducted by descriptive-qualitative analysis of Confucian values on Park’s era, Park government’s policies, and also their resistance towards Confucianism itself and foreign influences. This study itself concludes that there is a correlation between Confucian values and Park Chung Hee’s era (1961-1979) due to its role toward South Korea’s economy development."

"Kesuksesan perekonomian dan industri di Korea Selatan, tidak terlepas dari peranan salah satu presiden Korea Selatan bernama Park Chung Hee (박정희) yang berasal dari kalangan militer. Meskipun kebijakan yang dijalankan menuai banyak kritik, Park Chung Hee memiliki jasa besar bagi Korea Selatan. Dalam waktu yang relatif singkat, melalui kebijakan-kebijakan ia berhasil memperbaiki perekonomian yang dapat memajukan kesejahteraan rakyat Korea Selatan. Kebijakan Park Chung Hee pun menjadi dasar kesuksesan ekonomi dan industri Korea Selatan saat ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan sejarah yang diawali dengan mengumpulkan sumber-sumber sejarah (heuristik) berupa buku-buku dan artikel-artikel yang berkaitan dengan Park Chung Hee. Setelah semua sumber dikritik, diverifikasi, dan diintreprestasikan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan-kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh Park Chung Hee telah memberikan bentuk dasar perekonomian Korea Selatan sehingga membawa Korea Selatan menjadi salah satu negara dengan kekuatan ekonomi yang patut diperhitungkan.

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The success of economy and industry aspect in South Korea are linked to the role of one of the South Korean president, Park Chung Hee, which used the method that derived from the military. Despite his policy cause many critics, Park Chung Hee has a great service for South Korea. In a relatively short time, through his policies he was able to fix the economy that can advance the welfare of the South Korea peoples. Park Chung Hee?s policy became the basis of the economic success and industry of South Korea today. The method that been used is the qualitative method with history approach which begins with collecting historical source or heuristic in form books and articles about Park Chung Hee. After all sources being criticized, verified, and interpreted, it can be concluded that the policies carried out by Park Chung Hee has provided the basic form of the South Korean economy that correlate in bringing South Korea into one of the country with economic power to be reckoned with. "