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"The reforms triggered by the economic crisis that hit Indonesia and a number of other Asian countries in 1998 have resulted in not only an improvement over a system that has been in force for the past 30 years but also fundamental changes. Although reform is born by a spirit of renewal, in response to the failure of the state to develop a system that can generate prosperity and justice for the people, both in the political and economic fields, but in the process has not produced a better relationship system between politics and public administration, which is professional, effective, efficient and free from corruption. This unsuccessfulness is predictable because the administrative reform is not based on a strict economic school. We had previously applied the Keynesian school, then Neo-liberalism, up until now the world is still searching for a new school. No exception for Indonesia. Reform has established a new system, completely different from the previous system, but without consistent ideology and paradigm. The lack of clear direction is the cause of the failure of administrative reform in Indonesia. The paper will analyze the cause of this unsuccessful, and propose recommendations for improvement."

"Tesis ini berangkat dari latar belakang bahwa skema organisasi regional Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation- dengan berbagai multidiversitasnya-menyimpan sejumlah dilema. Dilema tersebut bermula dari adanya perbedaan pendekatan ekonomi politik yang diterapkan oleh dua kelompok negara anggotanya, yaitu "neo-liberalism" yang diterapkan oleh Negara Maju dan "Asian view" yang diterapkan oleh Negara Sedang Berkembang.Tujuan dari penelitian tesis ini adalah ingin mengkaji apakah dilema-dilema yang ada di dalam APEC dipengaruhi oleh kedua pendekatan ekonomi politik tersebut. Adapun yang menjadi asumsi penelitian adalah bahwa pendekatan-pendekatan "neo-liberalism" dan "Asian view" telah menyebabkan timbulnya dilema-dilema di dalam APEC.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi atau penelitian komparatif, dengan pendekatan ekonomi politik. Sedangkan yang menjadi teknik pengumpulan data adalah studi pustaka, studi dokumentasi dan wawancara.Hasil analisis yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah memang terdapat sejumlah dilema/permasalahan di dalam APEC, yaitu {1} keanggotaan, (2) pencapaian tujuan-tujuan, (3) institusionalisasi, dan agenda (4). Setelah diadakan penelitian, terbukti bahwa dilema-dilema tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya dua pendekatan yang berbeda antara Negara Maju dan Negara Sedang Berkembang.Akhirnya secara sederhana dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang implikatif antara penerapan pendekatan ekonomi politik "neoliberalism" Negara Maju dan "Asian view" Negara Sedang Berkembang dengan munculnya dilema-dilema di dalam APEC."

"Three proposition that are central to J.R. Harris's groip socialozation theory (1995, 1998) are considered in ths review. These proportions are as follows: (a) Parental behaviors have no long-term efects on children's psychological charaacteristics, (b) peer groups are the primary environmental influence on psychological functioning, and (c) dyadic relationships are situation-spesific and do not generalize. The evidence that J.R. Harris has outlined in support of each of these proporsitions is reviewed as is additional empirical research not considered by J.R. Harris. Serious limitations to each proportion are identified. The available evidence is more consistent with a model of multiple socializations agent. An expanded research agenda that permits a more definitive test of J.R. Harris's proportions and social relationships theory is proposed. "