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"Summary: Dining tables called soban constituted important daily objects in every household. They still are widely used but for more diverse purposes these days, since the lifestyle of Koreans has changed under western influence. This book introduces an enchanting selection of ancient dining tables made in different regions, mostly during the late Jeseon period when the woodcraft industry thrived, with accounts of their historical origins and evolution."

"Penelitian pengaruh tanah liat atau clay pada pembuatan briket batubara tanpa karbonisasi dengan komposisi tanah liat sebagai variabel yakni 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15%, telah dilakukan di Laboratorium UPT - LSDE, BPPT.Hasil pengamatan diperoleh uji kuat tekan terhadap briket dengan tanah liat 0% = 5,5 kg/cm2 ; 5% = 9,25 kg/cm2 ; 10% = 12,95 kg/cm2 ; 15% = 16,65 kg/cm2. Dari segi ketahanan dan lama pembakaran menunjukkan briket dengan 0% tidak utuh, runtuh pada menit ke 90; briket dengan tanah liat 5% tidak utuh, runtuh pada menit ke 120; briket dengan tanah liat 10% utuh sampai ke menit 152; briket dengan tanah liat 15% utuh sampai ke menit 122. Analisa emisi gas pada pembakaran briket dengan tanah liat 0% menunjukkan CO rata-rata 434 ppm ; tahah liat 5% CO rata-rata 530 ppm ; tanah liat 10% dengan CO rata-rata 394 ppm dan tanah liat 15% CO rata-rata 386 ppm.Dua variabel atau komposisi tanah liat pertama tidak utuh dan dalam pembakaran tidak bertahan lama serta emisi gas CO lebih tinggi. Sedangkan pada dua variabel terakhir dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanah liat dengan komposisi tanah liat 10% lebih baik.

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Research on clay as raw material in producing coal briquette without carbonization has been conducted in laboratory of UPT-LSDE, BPPT. Clay to coal composition that was used as variable was 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%.

Result of pressure test of the mixture are as follow: for clay to coal 0% the strength is 5.5 kg/cm2; for clay to coal 5% the strength is 9.25 kg/cm2; for clay to coal 10%, the strength is 12.95 kg/cm2; for clay to coal 15%, the strength is 16.65 kg/cm2. From the view of lifetime and combustion time it was showed that briquette for clay to coal to coal 0% will be broken into pieces in 90 minutes, for clay to coal 5% will be broken into pieces in 120 minutes, or clay to coal 10% will be ruined into pieces in 152 minutes, for clay to coal 15% will be ruined into pieces in 122 minutes. The gas analysis showed that CO gas emission of the briquettes for the five are as follows: 0% of clay was 434 ppm, 5% of clay was 530 ppm, 10% of clay was 394 ppm, and 15% of clay was 386 ppm.

The first two compositions is considered as weak, shorter durability and emitted more CO gas emission. Finally, between the last two compositions can be concluded that, that one with 10% of clay is the best."

"Tujuan penulisan naskah ini yaitu mencari opsi potensi penggunaan genteng tanah liat berkualitas rendah. Genteng Tanah Liat merupakan tipe genteng yang paling sering digunakan di Indonesia. Walaupun begitu, diestimasi sekitar 30% dari produksi industri keramik menjadi limbah. Studi kasus dilakukan di Desa Logede, Jawa Tengah yang terkenal dengan produksi genteng tanah liatnya. Penulisan naskah didasarkan pada kajian literatur untuk mengidentifikasi pilihan yang dapat digunakan untuk memanfaatkan kembali genteng tanah liat yang berkualitas rendah. Pilihan-pilihan tersebut lalu diklasifikasikan apakah dapat dimanufaktur oleh warga desa sendiri atau butuhnya tenaga luar dan juga berdasarkan tiga aspek, yaitu sosial, studi, dan ekonomis. Pada akhirnya, didapatkan empat tipe pilihan yaitu manufaktur mudah dan memenuhi tiga aspek, manufaktur mudah dan  memenuhi dua aspek, manufaktur membutuhkan tenaga luar dan memenuhi  aspek, dan manufaktur membutuhkan tenaga luar dan memenuhi satu aspek.

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The purpose of this script is to find potential options of the usage of lower-quality clay roof tiles. Clay roof tiles are the most commonly used type of roofing tile in Indonesia. However, it is estimated that around 30% of ceramic industry production becomes waste. A case study was conducted in Logede Village, located in Central Java, which is renowned for its production of clay roofing tiles. The thesis is based on a literature review to identify options for reusing low-quality clay tiles. These options are then classified based on whether they can be manufactured by the village residents themselves or require external labor, as well as three aspects: social, feasibility, and economic. In the end, four different possibilities are obtained: easy manufacturing meeting all three aspects, easy manufacturing meeting two aspects, manufacturing requiring external labor meeting one aspect, and manufacturing requiring external labor meeting only one aspect."

"Batas Atterberg diperkenalkan oleh Albert Atterberg pada tahun 1911 dengan tujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan tanah berbutir halus dan menentukan sifat indeks property tanah. Batas Atterberg meliputi batas cair, batas plastis, dan batas susut. Dalam menentukan batas Atterberg ini, proses pengujian menggunakan metode yang diberikan dalam BS 1377 : Part 2 : 1990. Berdasarkan metode tersebut, sampel tanah yang diuji tidak diperbolehkan dipersiapkan dengan cara kering oven, hal ini disebabkan karena pemanasan tanah dengan derajat suhu yang berbeda akan menyebabkan perubahan propertinya secara signifikan. Beberapa sifat fisiknya akan berubah secara permanen. Oleh karena itu, sampel tanah harus diujikan dalam kondisi alami atau kering udara. Pada kenyataannya, karena kendala waktu dan faktor-faktor lainnya, banyak dilakukan pengujian dengan persiapan benda uji kering oven.Sasaran dari penelitian ini adalah memahami pengaruh dari pemanasan tanah lempung marina terhadap nilai batas Atterberg melalui 2 metode pengeringan yaitu metode kering udara dan metode kering oven. Pengujian laboratorium meliputi uji batas cair dan batas plastis untuk 2 metode persiapan sampel yang berbeda (air dry dan oven dry) dan dengan berbagai kombinasi suhu oven dalam pencarian kadar air.Efek pemanasan terhadap nilai parameter batas Atterberg tanah lempung ditunjukkan dari perbedaan hasil nilai batas cair dan batas plastis. Semakin bertambahnya suhu, diperoleh nilai batas cair yang semakin besar. Sedangkan untuk nilai batas plastisnya, diperoleh nilai yang semakin besar hingga pada suhu tertentu dimana nilai batas plastisnya berada pada titik optimum dan jika suhu dinaikkan, diperoleh nilai batas plastis yang semakin rendah. Dari hasil uji batas cair dan batas plastis untuk 2 metode persiapan sampel yang berbeda (air dry dan oven dry), nilai batas cair dan batas plastis yang diperoleh dengan metode kering oven lebih besar daripada nilai yang diperoleh dengan metode kering udara. Hal tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan oleh ikut terbakarnya material organik akibat pemanasan.

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Atterberg limit is firstly defined in 1911 by Albert Atterberg with their purposes are to classifying cohesive soils and determine engineering properties of soils. Atterberg limits include liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit. The standard method of determination of Atterberg limits are stated in BS 1377 : Part 2 : 1990. According to BS, the soil tested by Atterberg limits should not be oven dried, it is because drying the soils in different degree will alter their properties significantly. Some of the physical properties of soils will undergo changes that appear to be permanent. Therefore, the soil samples should be in natural or air dried form. However, in reality, due to time constraint and other factors many will run the test by using soil samples that are prepared by oven dry.

The objective of this study is to comprehend the effect of drying on the Atterberg limit of marine clay through 2 drying methods that is air drying method and oven drying method. Laboratory testing included liquid limit test and plastic limit test for 2 different sample preparation methods (air dry and oven dry) and with various oven temperature combination in water content seeking.

Effect of drying on the Atterberg limit parameter value of marine clay shown from difference result of liquid limit and plastic limit value. Increasing of temperature obtained ever greater plastic limit value. While for the plastic limit value, obtained finite ever greater value at certain temperature where the plastic limit value resided in at optimum point and if the temperature increased, obtained lower value of plastic limit. According to liquid limit and plastic limit test results for 2 different sample preparation methods (air dry and oven dry), oven dried method gain liquid limit and plastic limit value result greater than air dried method. This matter possibility caused of be combustible of organic material as result of drying."

"Characteristic of thermal property, electrical property and crystal structure of sic ceramic with additif clay addition. Ceramic sic has been made from raw materials Sic technics and clay as additive. Clay composition is 0,1,3,4 % weight, where function of clay is as a binder and it can not influence properties of Sic...."