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"This article is focused and the effect of economic development, especially urban development, upon informal activities and urban poor. The gist of this article is that although an impressive record of economic growth had been achieved during PJP I (the first long term development strategy), the urban informal activities and urban poor still seamed to experiences the same problems. Partly these as a result of the development implemented tend to be concentrated in urban areas of Java, especially around the primate city of Jakarta. This inequality of development not only affected the performance of development activities but has also hindered the spread of employment opportunities to other areas, both rural and urban. Consequently, most of the urban labour forces have forced to remain involved in the informal activities and therefore keep them stay in the poor conditions."

"Indonesia berada di peringkat kedua dunia penghasil sampah plastik ke laut sebesar187,2 juta ton per hari setelah Tiongkok yang mencapai 262,9 juta ton per hari padaTahun 2015. Plastik merupakan bahan penting yang masih dapat ditingkatkandalam Ekonomi Sirkular. Di negara berkembang khususnya Indonesia, pemulihansampah sangat tergantung pada kegiatan Sektor Informal, tetapi belum banyakpenelitian mengenai peran sektor informal dan kaitannya dengan Ekonomi Sirkular.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Sektor Informal pengelolaansampah plastik khususnya Bandar terhadap Ekonomi Sirkular. Penelitian inidilakukan dengan teknik snowball sampling, hasilnya sektor informal yang berhasildipetakan sebanyak 29 Lapak dan 5 Bandar tersebar di Kota Depok, dengankemampuan daur ulang dan karakteristik mencerminkan sampel yang ada. BandarPak Eno merupakan salah satu Pelaku Sektor Informal pengelolaan sampah plastikterbesar di Kota Depok dimana dalam sehari mampu mengelola sampah plastiksebanyak 1621,61 kg/hari sehingga mengurangi sampah plastik yang masuk keTPA Cipayung (daur ulang) sebesar 1,23% pada Tahun 2019. Bandar Pak Enomampu memperoleh keuntungan (hasil keuangan) dari proses pengelolaan sampahplastik melalui kontribusinya dengan pemulihan material limbah plastik sebesar Rp2.883.984,-/hari. Selain itu Bandar Pak Eno membuka lapangan kerja bagi 50Lapak yang bekerja sama mengirimkan barangnya dan 20 Pekerja serta Penyediaatau Supplier bagi 4 Pabrik atau Industri Daur Ulang. Peran Bandar Pak Eno sangatberpengaruh dalam peningkatan Ekonomi Sirklular melalui pendekatan DimensiBahan, Dimensi Ekonomi, dan Dimensi Sosial sebagai indikator Circular EconomyIndex (CEI).

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Indonesia is ranked second in the world as a producer of plastic waste to the sea,

amounting to 187,2 million tons per day after China, which reached 262,9 million

tons per day in 2015. Plastics are an important material that can still be improved

in a Circular Economy. In developing countries, especially Indonesia, waste

recovery is very dependent on informal sector activities, but there has not been

much research on the role of the informal sector and its relation to the Circular

Economy. This study aims to analyze the role of the informal sector in managing

plastic waste, especially the Dealers, in the circular economy. This research was

conducted by using snowball sampling technique, the result is that the informal

sector has been mapped as many as 29 Intermediates and 5 Dealers scattered in

Depok City, with the ability to recycle and reflect the existing sample

characteristics. Mr. Eno, as a dealers, is one of the biggest players in the informal

sector of plastic waste management in Depok City, where in a day he is able to

manage plastic waste as much as 1621,61 kg / day, thereby reducing plastic waste

that enters the Cipayung TPA (recycling) by 1.23% in 2019. Mr. Eno Dealers is

able to get benefits (financial results) from the plastic waste management process

through his contribution with the recovery of plastic waste materials of Rp.

2.883.984,-/day. In addition, Mr. Eno Dealers has created employment

opportunities for 50 stalls working together to deliver goods and 20 workers as well

as Providers or Suppliers for 4 Recyclers or User of Recycle Materials. The role of

Mr. Eno Dealers is very influential in increasing the Circular Economy through the

approaches of the Material Dimensions, Economic Dimensions and Social

Dimensions as indicators of the Circular Economy Index (CEI)."

"The development concept applied so far has received criticisms since it is too sectoral and growth oriented. This study offers a proposition that social development must instead, get a central emphasis through developing the fundamental aspects of society, i.e.: structure, culture, and social process. By using data from qualitative research (document study, in depth interview, FGD, and observation) the writing attempts to give an illustration on how Solo Government Central Java Province conducts social development especially for street vendors. The study shows that the inclusive value- and participatory-based social development has been practiced at a certain level in Solo. The article concludes that the local government of Solo has conducted social development by relying more on structural development, through which cultural and social processes are also developed. Furthermore, there have also been dynamic, reciprocal interactions among all aspects in the social development (self-reinforcing) process in Solo. It is the basic message of this writing that, any policy study must direct its concern more towards fundamental elements of societal life, i.e. structure, culture, and social process"

"Tujuan dari disertasi ini adalah (1) mengukur tingkat pembangunan TIK dengan pendekatan rumah tangga dan individu di level kabupaten/kota; (2) menganalisis peran TIK dan skill tenaga kerja terhadap distribusi pendapatan; dan (3) menganalisis peran TIK dan sektor informal terhadap distribusi pendapatan di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah raw data Susenas, Sakernas dan data lainnya yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Studi pertama menggunakan analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan digital menyebar dari Indonesia bagian barat ke bagian tengah dan timur, dan dari kota-kota besar ke wilayah sekitarnya. RDDI di kabupaten/kota yang kurang berkembang, tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan kota yang lebih maju. Akibatnya, kesenjangan pembangunan TIK menurun dari 2015 ke 2019, dan wilayah Indonesia menjadi lebih konvergen secara digital. Studi kedua menggunakan teknik estimasi two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Tiga indikator TIK yang digunakan yaitu RDDI, penetrasi komputer dan penetrasi telepon seluler. Hasil studi menunjukkan conditional effect TIK dengan skill tenaga kerja menurunkan terhadap ketimpangan. Hasil studi ketiga menunjukkan conditional effect TIK dan sektor informal juga mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan. Peningkatan TIK memiliki dampak yang lebih luas dalam memodulasi dinamika sektor informal dan mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia jika minimum threshold penetrasi telepon seluler sebesar 36,56 persen dapat dicapai.

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The objectives of this dissertation are (1) to measure the level of ICT development using a household and individual approach at the district/city level; (2) to analyze the role of ICT and workforce skills on income distribution; and (3) to analyze the role of ICT and the informal sector on income distribution in Indonesia. The datasets used are Susenas raw data, Sakernas and other data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The first study using factor analysis shows that digital development spreads from western Indonesia to the central and eastern parts of the country, and from big cities to surrounding areas. RDDI in less developed districts/cities grows faster than in more developed cities. As a result, the ICT development gap decreased from 2015 to 2019, and the Indonesian region became more digitally converged. The second study uses the two-step estimation technique of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) system. The three ICT indicators used are RDDI, computer penetration, and cell phone penetration. The results of the study show that the conditional effect of ICT on workforce skills reduces inequality. The results of the third study show that the conditional effect of ICT and the informal sector also reduces income inequality. If the minimum threshold for cellular phone penetration of 36.56 percent is met, the increase in ICT will have a broader impact in modulating the dynamics of the informal sector and reducing income inequality in Indonesia."

"This book shows how Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) can be used for operations management in public institutions. It covers theory and practical applications, ranging from tracking public health trends to mapping transportation routes to charting the safest handling of hazardous materials. Along with an expert line-up of contributors and case studies, the editor provides a complete overview of how to use GIS as part of a successful, collaborative data analysis, and how to translate the information into cost-saving decisions, or even life-saving ones."