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"Studi filsafat atas compassion berdasarkan pemikiran Martha Nussbaum, sangat relevan dalam konteks kontemporer mengingat prevalensi dehumanisasi pada ranah interaksi sosial dan devaluasi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan di era digital. Keadaan demikian menuntut pengembangan sistem penalaran moral khas manusia bersumber dari realitas, pembelajaran dan tata kelola tindakan. Metode studi kritis dan tinjauan pustaka dengan mempertimbangkan prinsip penjelasan reduktif digunakan dalam analisis atas compassion yang mencakup penderitaan dan kerentanan. Analisis filosofis komprehensif bertumpu pada premis dasar bahwa compassion merupakan kemampuan menderita bersama liyan dengan hasrat memaknai kehidupan untuk mencapai transformasi moral. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penderitaan liyan dapat menjadi kewajiban moral karena penerapan kapabilitas kognisi, afeksi dan konasi melalui prinsip tanggung jawab, kesadaran diri dan kehadiran dalam fenomena penderitaan. Mekanisme demikian meneguhkan compassion sebagai teknologi moral transformatif yakni kerangka dan sistem penunjang pemahaman atas kehidupan sekaligus menjadi basis moral tindakan manusia. Akhirnya, penelitian ini mengembalikan compassion pada makna aslinya yaitu kemampuan menderita bersama atau hidup berdampingan dengan penderitaan, dengan kekhasan moralitas yang terbuka dan terintegrasi. Kekhasan tersebut menempatkan compassion dan penderitaan sebagai komitmen dan kebijaksanaan moral kemanusiaan.

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The philosophical study of compassion, as proposed by Martha Nussbaum, is particularly pertinent in the contemporary context, given the prevalence of dehumanization in social interactions and the devaluation of human values in the digital age. In light of these circumstances, it is imperative that humans develop a humanitarian moral reasoning system that is grounded in the fundamental tenets of reality, learning, and the management of moral action. The critical study and literature review method, based on the principle of reductive explanation, is applied in the analysis of compassion, which encompasses suffering and vulnerability. The comprehensive philosophical analysis is based on the fundamental premise that compassion is the capacity to suffer together, alongside the desire to make sense of life, in order to achieve moral transformation. This research demonstrates that the suffering of others can become a moral obligation as a result of the application of cognition, affection and conation through the principles of responsibility, self-awareness and presence in the phenomenon of suffering. In this way, compassion can be seen as a transformative moral technology, providing a framework for understanding life and a basis for moral action. Ultimately, this research reestablishes compassion to its original meaning, that is, the capacity to suffer or coexist with suffering, with an open and integrated moral framework. This particularity situates compassion and suffering as the commitment and moral wisdom of humanity."

"Suite de la prodigieuse saga de Bob Morane, dans le texte intégral et présentée dans l'ordre chronologique."

"ABSTRACTDavid Hume menulis dua buku yang membahas moral secara filosofis dan komprehensif yaitu A Treatise of Human Nature dan An Enquiry Concerning the Principle of Morals. Hume mendapat kritik dari Jeremy Bentham dan Immanuel Kant bahwa kajian filosofisnya terhadap moral tidak memberikan pedoman untuk membuat putusan moral etika normatif . Robert Shaver dan Nicholas Capaldi membantah kritik tersebut. Keduanya mengatakan bahwa Hume memiliki teori putusan moralnya sendiri yang unik. Namun, pembelaan mereka tidak menunjukkan teori moral Hume yang bisa digunakan membuat putusan moral. Penelitian tulisan ini akan memaparkan pemikiran moral Hume yang dilandasi oleh teori epistemologinya yaitu empirisme, lalu dengan menggunakan enam kriteria putusan moral dari B. C. Bostow sebagai alat analisis, tulisan ini memperkuat argumentasi bahwa Hume memiliki teori putusan moral sendiri yaitu etika kebajikan.

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ABSTRACTDavid Hume wrote two philosophy books that concern about moral A Treatise of Human Nature dan An Enquiry Concerning the Principle of Morals. Hume gets criticism from Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant that his philosophical theory of morals does not provide guidance for making moral judgments normative ethics . Robert Shaver and Nicholas Capaldi denied the criticism. Both say that Hume has his own unique moral judgement theory. However, their defense does not show Hume 39 s moral theory that can be used to make moral judgments. The study of this paper will describe Hume 39 s moral thinking based on his epistemology theory empiricism and then using the six criteria of the moral ruling by B. C. Bostow as an analytical tool. This paper reinforces the argument that Hume has his own moral judgment theory, that is virtue ethics. "

"Often described as the father of the Scottish Enlightenment, Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746) was born in the north of Ireland to an Ulster-Scottish Presbyterian family. Organised into three 'books' that were divided between two volumes, A System of Moral Philosophy was his most comprehensive work. It synthesised ideas that he had formulated as a minister and as the Chair of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow (1729–46). Published posthumously by his son in 1755, prefaced by an account of his life, it is the only treatise by Hutcheson for which a manuscript is known to have survived. Asserting that individual natural rights derive from an innate understanding of moral behaviour, Hutcheson offers a model that mediates between individual interests and communal ideals. Containing Book 1 and part of Book 2, Volume 1 describes the role and perception of 'perfect' and 'imperfect' natural rights."

"This fresh and innovative approach to human-environmental relations will revolutionise our understanding of the boundaries between ourselves and the environment we inhabit. The anthology is predicated on the notion that values shift back and forth between humans and the world around them in an ethical communicative zone called ‘value-space’. The contributors examine the transformative interplay between external environments and human values, and identify concrete ways in which these norms, residing in and derived from self and society, are projected onto the environment."

"Pendidikan Sejarah telah diajar dalam sistem pendidikan Malaysia selama lebih daripada enam dekad. Polisi telah berubah, dan sukatan pelajaran telah ditambah nilai moral. Banyak cabaran yang dihadapi oleh amsyarakat, pendidik dan pelajar telah dianalisis dan dinilai secara berterusan. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menerangkan bahwa pendidikan Sejarah diharapkan mewujudkan persekitaran yang harmoni di antara kumpulan etnik yang berbeza di Malaysia dan menyatukan negara. Pengajaran pendidikan Sejarah dengan sokongan pendidikan Moral telah dilakukan lebih daripada satu dekad yang lalu, dan kini ia mungkin menjalani satu lagi fasa pelaksanaan. Aspek sejarah, agama dan sosionudaya Malaysia telah menjadi perhatian perhatian sejak sukatan pelajaran Pendidikan Moral digubal. Kajian perlu dilakukan untuk melihat bahwa pendidikan Moral di Malaysia adalah unik dan dinamik dalam sejarah dan budaya persekitaran. Fokus pengajaran dan pembelajaran pendidikan Sejarah dan Pendidikan Moral berdasarkan beberapa prinsip utama menghasilkan individu holistik dari segi fizikal, intelek, emosi, dan sosial. Kurikulum Pendidikan Moral bermatlamat untuk membangunkan individu yang bertanggungjawab dengan standard moral yang tinggi yang dapat menyumbang kepada keamanan dan keharmonisan negara dan komuniti global."