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"The book is divided into 5 chapters, namely justice: the basic value pursuit of human social life; the tradition of justice in Eastern and Western cultures; the modern value of justice; fairness and justice: the inherent requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics."

"Restorative justice dewasa ini telah diadopsi menjadi suatu bentuk baru dalam upaya penegakan hukum di Indonesia oleh aparat penegak hukum. Secara khusus, metode ini telah diadopsi oleh kepolisian dan kejaksaan selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Pelaksanaan restorative justice ini telah dilandasi oleh payung hukum di masing-masing institusi namun payung hukum tersebut justru menimbulkan kesenjangan di lapangan ketika restorative justice diimplementasikan. Kesenjangan ini dapat diatasi ketika restorative justice dioptimalkan di tingkat kepolisian sehingga implementasi restorative justice antara kepolisian dan kejaksaan menjadi lebih seirama. Maka, penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk: (1) mengetahui faktor non-penal yang membuat kepolisian tidak optimal dalam menerapkan restorative justice; dan (2) mengidentifikasi upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperbaiki restorative justice di lingkungan Polri dari perspektif faktor non-penal. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan data-data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi literatur. Seluruh data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan berpedoman pada empat teori yang terdiri dari: (1) Sistem Peradilan Pidana; (2) Crime Control Model dan Due Process Model; (3) Sosiologi Hukum; dan (4) Restorative Justice. Adapun tahapan dalam analisis ini terdiri dari: (1) pengolahan dan persiapan data untuk dianalisis; (2) pembacaan data secara keseluruhan; (3) analisis detail terhadap data yang telah dikumpulkan; (4) mendeskripsikan tatanan, kategori, dan tema yang hendak dianalisis terhadap data yang telah dikumpulkan; (5) menyajikan deskripsi dan tema dalam narasi atau laporan naratif; dan (6) interpretasi atau pemaknaan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tiga faktor non-penal dapat mempengaruhi implementasi restorative justice yang optimal di tingkat penyelidikan-penyidikan yaitu faktor psikologis, faktor ekonomis, dan faktor administratif; dan (2) implementasi restorative justice di lingkungan kepolisian ini dapat diperbaiki dan ditingkatkan melalui inisiatif berupa pendampingan atau edukasi untuk faktor psikologis, mekanisme pengawasan untuk faktor ekonomis, dan fasilitasi keluarga untuk faktor administratif

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Restorative justice has recently been adopted into a new form of law enforcement in Indonesia. Specifically, the method has been adopted by the police and the prosecutors within the last several years. The implementation of restorative justice has been based on the legal protection of each institution but, unfortunately, the legal protection has instead triggered the discrepancy in the field as the restorative justice is implemented. The discrepancy may thus be solved when the restorative justice is optimized in the police; thereby, the implementation of restorative justice between the police and the prosecutors can be more harmonious.

Hence, the study is conducted in order to: (1) identify the non-penal factors that have caused the police not optimally implement the restorative justice; and (2) identify the efforts that can be done in order to improve the restorative justice implementation in the jurisdiction of Indonesian National Police from the perspective of non-penal factors. The approach that has been adopted in the study is the qualitative approach and the data for the study have been collected through interview and literature study. All of the data that have been collected are then analyzed with reference to the four theories as follow: (1) Criminal Justice System; (2) Crime Control Model and Due Process Model; (3) Sociology of Law; and (4) Restorative Justice. Then, the stages in the data analysis consist of: (1) data processing and preparation for analysis; (2) data reading in overall; (3) detailed analysis toward the data that have been collected; (4) setting, category and theme description for the analysis toward the data that have been collected; (5) theme and description presentation in the form of narrative or narrative report; and (6) data interpretation.

The results of the study show that: (1) three non-penal factors, namely the psychological factor, the economic factor and the administrative factor, may influence the optimal restorative justice implementation; and (2) the restorative justice implementation in the police department can be improved by using mentoring or education for the psychological factors, monitoring mechanism for the economic factors and family facilitation for the administrative factors."

"Penulisan tesis ini bertujuan membahas Pajak Penghasilan pada sektor Jasa Konstmksi yang diterapkan pemerintah setelah dikeluarkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2008 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40 Tahun 2009, yang membahas mengenai kualiiikasi dan klasifikasi usaha jasa konstruksi, membahas permasalahan timbul dengan akibat pemberlakuan surut peraturan perpajakan, dan penerapan PPh J asa Konstmksi untuk Wajib Pajak Dalam Negeri dan Bentuk Usaha Tetap. Penulisan dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan studi pustaka, wawancara, interpretasi penerapan peraturan perpajakan bidang jasa konstmksi, serta menganalisa hubungan peraturan-peraturan yang berkaitan perpaj akan dan jasa konstruksi. Hasil penelitian akan memberikan tinjauan kepastian hukum dan rasa keadilan dan menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi stakeholder dalam bidang jasa konstruksi.

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This thesis aims to discuss the income tax on the construction service sector, the govemment adopted after the issuance of Govemment Regulation No. 51 of 2008 and Govemment Regulation No. 40 of 2009, that discussed the qualifications and classification of construction services, discuss the problems arising with the effect of retroactive application of tax regulations, and Construction and application of income tax to the domestic taxpayer and the Permanent Establishment.

Writing done with qualitative research methods to study literature, interviews, interpretation of tax regulations implementing the construction services sector, and analyze the relationship of regulations related to taxation and construction services. The results will provide an overview of legal certainty and sense of justice and become material for stakeholders in the evaluation for construction services."

"One critique, among others, delivered to the existing criminal justice system is that its decision rarely solves problem. There's always a case that the justice's decision whether to acquit or to punish the suspect be refused by related parties. At this point, a new idea of restorative justice, a model of justice which emphasizes healing for all related parties, is then introduced.The writer proposes to combine the idea of restorative justice with another idea of diversion especially when the involved suspect is children."