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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang kepastian hukum penanaman modal asing dalam hukum penanaman modal di Indonesia yaitu dengan membandingkan peraturan penanaman modal asing di Indonesia dan Thailand, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal dan The Investment Promotion Act. B.E. 2560, serta melihat juga kepastian hukum terhadap Penanaman Modal Asing di bidang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum dan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sehingga diketahui bahwa terdapat ketidakjelasan mengenai pengaturan penanaman modal asing di Indonesia, yang menimbulkan tumpang tindih antara peraturan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah, serta menimbulkan ketidakjelasan birokrasi. Kemudian dalam penanaman modal asing di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara, pemerintah seharusnya dapat mengontrol dalam pengelolaannya karena mineral dan batubara berperan penting dalam kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan rakyat. Kemudian terdapat perbedaan dan persamaan antara Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal dan The Investment Promotion Act. B.E. 2560 di Thailand. Persamaannya terdapat pada pemberlakuan undang-undang, adanya lembaga khusus, dan pemberian fasilitas serta insentif dalam kegiatan penanaman modal. Perbedaanya, terdapat pada substansi undang-undang, bentuk badan usaha, koordinasi dan pengawasan serta evaluasi terhadap kegiatan penanaman modal asing. Dengan demikian, diperlukan ketentuan yang ada harus jelas dan detail, dari peraturan tertinggi hingga peraturan pelaksananya harus sesuai dan dapat direalisasikan, khususnya ketentuan mengenai perizinan dan koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, serta pengawasan terhadap penegakan hukum juga harus tetap dilaksanakan dan berkelanjutan.

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This research discusses the legal certainty of foreign investment in investment law in Indonesia by comparing the regulations of foreign investment in Indonesia and Thailand, under The Act Number 25 of 2007 on Investment and The Investment Promotion Act. B.E. 2560, and also see legal certainty to Foreign Capital Investment in Mineral and Coal Mining according to The Act Number 4 of 2009 about Mineral and Coal Mining. This research uses normative juridical research method with comparative law approach and statutory approach, there is unclear about foreign investment arrangement in Indonesia, causing overlap between central and local government regulations, and causing bureaucratic uncertainty. Then in foreign investment of mineral and coal mining, the government should be able to control in its management because mineral and coal have an important role in prosperity. There are differences and similarities between The Act Number 25 of 2007 on Investment and The Investment Promotion Act. B.E. 2560 in Thailand. The similarities are in the enactment of the law, the existence of special institutions, and the provision of facilities and incentives in investment activities. The difference is in the substance of the law, the form of business entity, coordination and supervision and evaluation of foreign investment activities. Therefore, the necessary provisions must be clear and detailed, from the highest regulation to the implementing regulations to be appropriate and realizable, in particular provisions on licensing and coordination between central and local government, and supervision of law enforcement must also be implemented and sustained."

"After the law foreign Investment was legitimated as a government policy. the transfer of technology could be applied although no special law of transfer of technology until now. The process of transfer of technology through the function of social control and social engineering met some obstacles, either from aspect of regulation or making contract with foreign investros."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kepastian hukum penanaman modal asing di Indonesia kemudian membandingkan Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal di Indonesia dan Vietnam. Pokok permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kepastian hukum penanaman modal asing di Indonesia serta bagaimana perbandingan undang-undang penanaman modal di Indonesia dan Vietnam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, memahami dan menganalisi masalah kepastian hukum Penanaman Modal Asing di Indonesia, dan perbandingan Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal antara Indonesia dan Vietnam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder diantaranya peraturan perundang-undangan dan buku-buku.Penanaman Modal Asing memberi manfaat dan dampak yang positif untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara, begitu juga untuk Indonesia dan Vietnam yang masih dianggap sebagai destinasi investasi Asia dan dunia. Banyak faktor yang menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi penanam modal untuk menanamkan modalnya pada suatu negara, salah satunya adalah jaminan kepastian hukum. Masalah kepastian hukum seringkali menjadi penghambat masuknya investasi, khususnya di Indonesia karena ketidakpastian hukum menyebabkan iklim investasi menjadi tidak kondusif. Penelitian ini membandingkan Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal antara Indonesia dan Vietnam, kemudian menemukan beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan didalamnya. Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal harus bisa mengakomodir kepentingan penanam modal asing dengan memberi kepastian hukum, diikuti dengan penegakan hukum, tanpa mengurangi kepentingan nasion.

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This research examines the legal certainty of foreign investment in Indonesia and subsequently compares the investment laws between Indonesia and Vietnam. The principal issue raised in this research is about the legal certainty of foreign investment in Indonesia as well as how the Indonesian laws of investment are compared to the laws of investment in Vietnam. As for the purpose of this research is to discover, comprehend and analyze the legal certainty problem of Foreign Investment in Indonesia, and the comparison of Investment Laws between Indonesia and Vietnam. This research is a legal research which is juridical normative using secondary data such as legislation and books.

Foreign investment gives benefits and impact which are positive for economic growth of a country, as well as to Indonesia and Vietnam which are still regarded as the investment destination in Asia and in the world. There are many factors taken into consideration for investors to invest in a country, one of them is legal certainty assurance. Legal certainty problem often obstructs the entry of investment, especially in Indonesia because the legal uncertainty made it inconducive for investment. This research attempts to compare the laws of investment between Indonesia and Vietnam, and subsequently locate the similarities and differences between them. Investment laws should be able to accommodate the interests of foreign investors by providing legal certainty, followed by law enforcement, without jeopardizing national interest."

"Expropriation merupakan tindakan pengambilalihan aset atau properti milik investor asing oleh pemerintah untuk alasan kepentingan umum. Namun, pengambilalihan yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah tidak hanya yang secara fisik atau kasat mata terlihat secara nyata. Berdasarkan perkembangannya, pemerintah dapat melakukan expropriation secara sembunyi-sembunyi melalui indirect expropriation. Selain itu, perlindungan terhadap investor asing ini semakin diperluas dengan adanya perlindungan terhadap tindakan setara expropriation. Kasus-kasus yang ada menunjukkan bahwa tindakan pemerintah harus menimbulkan kerugian substansial bagi investor asing apabila hendak dikualifikasi sebaga tindakan setara expropriation.

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Expropriation is the taking of foreign assets or property for the sake of the public interest. Such taking may involve not only direct or outright taking. Nowadays, we may find governments disguising the taking of foreign property, thus constituting indirect expropriation. Furthermore, foreign investors are now more protected than before with the existence of protection towards measures tantamount or equivalent to expropriation. The established cases demonstrate that governmental measures must constitute substantial deprivation suffered by foreign investors to be considered as measures tantamount to expropriation."