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"This study investigates the impact of the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) on Indonesia's agricultural exports to Japan, focusing on how tariff reduction or eliminations under the agreement influence Indonesia’s agricultural exports. Utilizing a gravity model and Difference-in-Difference (DiD) method, the findings reveal that while tariff reductions are crucial for enhancing trade, the anticipated benefits of IJEPA on Indonesia’s overall agricultural exports may not be immediately evident. However, the agreement has shown a positive and significant impact on the export of raw agricultural products, suggesting that Indonesia could benefit from focusing on these goods. This highlights the need for addressing non-tariff measures, improving export infrastructure, and leveraging the comparative advantages offered by IJEPA to boost raw agricultural exports to Japan.

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Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) terhadap ekspor agrikultur Indonesia ke Jepang, dengan fokus pada bagaimana penghapusan atau penurunan tarif dalam perjanjian tersebut mempengaruhi ekspor agrikultur Indonesia ke Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan model gravity dan metode Difference-in-Difference (DiD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pengurangan tarif sangat penting untuk meningkatkan perdagangan, manfaat yang diharapkan dari IJEPA terhadap ekspor agrikultur Indonesia mungkin tidak segera terlihat. Namun, perjanjian tersebut menunjukkan dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor produk agrikultur mentah, yang mengindikasikan bahwa Indonesia dapat mengambil manfaat dengan fokus pada produk-produk ini. Hal ini menekankan perlunya mempertimbangkan hambatan non-tarif (non-tariff measures), meningkatkan infrastruktur ekspor, dan memanfaatkan keunggulan komparatif yang ditawarkan oleh IJEPA untuk meningkatkan ekspor produk agrikultur mentah ke Jepang."

"AbstrakThe aim of this research is to study the determinants of sovereign credit ratings of Indonesia andits neighborhood countries in the period of 1998-2016. Using secondary data and analyzed usingordered probit, it is found that every credit rating agency has its own variables influencing to itspublished credit ratings.In general, for Indonesia and its neighborhood countries, the variables withsignificant and positive relationship are fiscal balance and current account deficit to GDP, freedomindex, and GDP per capita; while the variables with significant and negative relationship are externaldebt to GNI and real exchange rate. Gross domestic savings to GDP influences credit ratings inboth ways. Interestingly, inflation does not affect the credit ratings. Indonesia and neighborhoodgovernments could use this information to manage their macroeconomic indicators in order to getfavorable ratings from credit rating agencies."