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"In essence, Computing with Words (CWW) is a system of computation in which the objects of computation are predominantly words, phrases and propositions drawn from a natural language. CWW is based on fuzzy logic. In science there is a deep-seated tradition of according much more respect to numbers than to words. In a fundamental way, CWW is a challenge to this tradition. What is not widely recognized is that, today, words are used in place of numbers in a wide variety of applications ranging from digital cameras and household appliances to fraud detection systems, biomedical instrumentation and subway trains. CWW offers a unique capability?the capability to precisiate natural language. Unprecisiated (raw) natural language cannot be computed with. A key concept which underlies precisiation of meaning is that of the meaning postulate: A proposition, p, is a restriction on the values which a variable, X?a variable which is implicit in p?is allowed to take.CWW has an important ramification for mathematics. Addition of the formalism of CWW to mathematics empowers mathematics to construct mathematical solutions of computational problems which are stated in a natural language. Traditional mathematics does not have this capability."

"The general theory of relativity : a mathematical exposition will serve readers as a modern mathematical introduction to the general theory of relativity. Throughout the book, examples, worked-out problems, and exercises (with hints and solutions) are furnished. Topics in this book include, but are not limited to tensor analysis, the special theory of relativity, the general theory of relativity and Einstein’s field equations, spherically symmetric solutions and experimental confirmations, static and stationary space-time domains, black holes, cosmological models, algebraic classifications and the Newman Penrose equations, and the coupled Einstein-Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equations appendices covering mathematical supplements and special topics."

"In this concise primer it is shown that, with simple diagrams, the phenomena of time dilatation, length contraction and Lorentz transformations can be deduced from the fact that in a vacuum one cannot distinguish physically straight and uniform motion from rest, and that the speed of light does not depend on the speed of either the source or the observer. The text proceeds to derive the important results of relativistic physics and to resolve its apparent paradoxes. A short introduction into the covariant formulation of electrodynamics is also given. This publication addresses, in particular, students of physics and mathematics in their final undergraduate year."

"Pembangkitan komentar dari data terstruktur adalah tugas yang menantang dalam bidang pembangkitan bahasa alami dengan berbagai potensi aplikasi dalam bidang olahraga dan esports. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya sering berfokus pada penyesuaian model datake-teks khusus, namun eksperimen awal penulis menemukan bahwa pretrained language model menunjukkan performa yang lebih baik dalam pembangkitan komentar. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana pretrained language model dapat diadaptasi untuk menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik pada permasalahan pembangkitan komentar menggunakan data replay Counter-Strike. Penulis menemukan bahwa penyesuaian pretrained language model dapat meningkatkan kualitas semantik dan alami dari pembangkitan komentar. Namun, penulis juga menemukan bahwa peningkatan kualitas semantik dan alami ini didampingi dengan penurunan pada kualitas leksikal akibat tantangan intrinsik yang ada dalam pembangkitan komentar.

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Generating commentary from structured data poses a significant challenge in natural language generation, with extensive applications in sports and esports domains. Previous research has predominantly centered on tailoring specialized data-to-text models for this task. However, our preliminary investigation indicates that pretrained language models exhibit superior performance in commentary generation. This study focuses on further adapting pretrained language models to enhance their suitability for esports commentary generation, specifically utilizing Counter-Strike replay data. Our findings reveal that through this adaptation, pretrained language models can augment the semantic quality and naturalness of generated commentary. Nevertheless, we observed a trade-off, as the improvement in semantic quality and naturalness was accompanied by a decline in lexical quality, owing to the inherent complexities involved in commentary generation."

"This richly illustrated book is unique in bringing Einstein's relativity to a higher level for the non-specialist than has ever been attempted before, using nothing more than grade-school algebra. Bondi's approach with spacetime diagrams is simplified and expanded, clarifying the famous asymmetric aging-of-twins paradox. Einstein's theory of gravity, general relativity, is simplified for the reader using spacetime diagrams. The theory is applied to important topics in physics such as gravitational waves, gravitational collapse and black holes, time machines, the relationship to the quantum world, galactic motions and cosmology."

"Teori elektrodinamika Born-Infeld merupakan teori nonlinear dari teori elektrodinamika Maxwell. Berangkat dari karakterisitik-karakteristik teori Born-Infeld - diantaranya adalah bahwa harga energi-diri berhingga untuk muatan titik dan bahwa medan elektromagnetik di dunia-volume D-brane dideskripsikan oleh teori ini - dan dipasangkan dengan medan gravitasi Einstein (Teori Abelian Einstein-Born-Infeld 6d) penulis mencoba untuk mendeskripsikan mekanisme kompaktifikasi dimensi ekstra, yaitu flux compactification. Hasil dari mekanisme ini adalah persamaan jari-jari ruang dimensi ekstra. Untuk menguji kestabilan ruang dimensi ekstra ini diperlukan penjelasan perspektif 4 dimensi, dimana jari-jari ruang dimensi ekstra dinyatakan oleh sebuah medan dinamik radion dengan potensial stabil. Nilai vakua dari potensial dengan jari-jari dimensi yang terkompaktifikasi ini dapat menunjukkan apakah ruang-waktu 4 dimensi berhubungan dengan ruang-waktu de Sitter, anti de Sitter atau Minkowksi 4 dimensi.

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Born-Infeld electodynamics is a nonlinear theory of Maxwell electrodynamics. Based on some properties of this theory - finite electrostatic self-energy of a point particle and electromagnetic field on the world-volume of D-brane are governed by Born-Infeld theory - and coupled it with Einstein Field, called Einstein-Born-Infeld theory, I attempt to describe flux compactification of extra dimension. The result is an equation of radius of extra dimension. The 4d perspective of this theory is needed to describe the stability of size of the extra dimension, where it will be identified by the effective potential. We can determine what the 4d spacetime is related to, either 4d de Sitter or anti de Sitter spacetime, from the potential vacua of the spacetime."