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"Survei dasar pendidikan nasional tahun 2003 (SDPN 2003) merupakan realisasi pendataan peta pendidikan di Indonesia, menghasilkan database pendidikan dengan ukuran 3,89 GB (4. 178.499.369 bytes) dan 2.395 file...."

"This thesis is a study analyzing rate of return to education in Indonesia using the 2004 SUSENAS (National Economic Survey) data. Education is one human resource investment that could increase the human resource quality as an input of development. The 2004 Human Development Report shows that the rate of participation in the lower level education is quite high, but it decreases as the level of education increases. As an investment, education is expected to give high rate of return. It raises questions conceming the rate of return on education in Indonesia. Wage is used as a proxy of return to education and the return is estimated using the Mincerian Earning Function. The information about wage is only available among respondents that are classified as employees and therefore the selectivity bias might occur. The study will be conducted using the two stage Heckman method.The estimation from the Mincerian Earning Function shows that women in the industrial and service sector are higher than men in the same sector. There are no differences in return between men and women for those working in the agricultural sector. The results also show that the rate of return for those with 1 year of schooling who are working in the agricultural sector are the lowest. But those with 7 years of schooling the agriculture sector has the highest rate of return. There are no differences in rate of return in education by gender."

"[ABSTRAKPada tahun 2005 Kemdikbud mengeluarkan kebijakan penguatan pendidikanvokasional, yaitu target perbandingan 70:30, untuk 70 persen jumlah siswa SMKlebih banyak daripada jumlah siswa SMA pada tahun 2015. Argumentasikebijakan tersebut adalah mengatasi masalah ketenagakerjaan yang berkaitandengan keterampilan yang spesifik dan mengentaskan pengangguran. Sampaibeberapa tahun terakhir ini, jumlah siswa dan sekolah SMK tumbuh relatif cepat.Konsekuensinya anggaran yang dikeluarkan untuk menyelenggarakan pendidikanSMK jumlahnya lebih besar daripada SMA. Namun data menunjukkan bahwatingkat pengangguran lulusan SMK masih lebih tinggi dari lulusan SMA,sedangkan tingkat upah tidak berbeda signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakananalisis deskriptif dan analisis biaya-manfaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa tingkat pengangguran tamatan SMA dengan SMK tidak terlalu besarperbedaannya, dan perubahan proporsi jumlah siswa 70:30 merupakan kebijakanyang kurang tepat.

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ABSTRACTIn 2005 the Ministry of Education and Cultural issued a policy to strengthenvocational education. The target policy is to change the proportion of studentfrom vocational high school and general high school to 70:30 in 2015. The policyargument is addressing the employment issues relating to the specific skills andalleviate unemployment. Until the last few years, the number of students andvocational school grew relatively fast. The consequences is, the budget spent bythe government on vocational school expenses is higher than general school. However, the data showed that the unemployment rate for vocational graduate ishigher than general school graduate, meanwhile the wage levels did not differsignificantly. This study are using descriptive analysis and cost-benefit analysis.Results show that the comparation of unemployment rate between general schooland vocational school graduates is not to high, and the the changing proportionof 70:30 students are ineficient policies;In 2005 the Ministry of Education and Cultural issued a policy to strengthenvocational education. The target policy is to change the proportion of studentfrom vocational high school and general high school to 70:30 in 2015. The policyargument is addressing the employment issues relating to the specific skills andalleviate unemployment. Until the last few years, the number of students andvocational school grew relatively fast. The consequences is, the budget spent bythe government on vocational school expenses is higher than general school. However, the data showed that the unemployment rate for vocational graduate ishigher than general school graduate, meanwhile the wage levels did not differsignificantly. This study are using descriptive analysis and cost-benefit analysis.Results show that the comparation of unemployment rate between general schooland vocational school graduates is not to high, and the the changing proportionof 70:30 students are ineficient policies, In 2005 the Ministry of Education and Cultural issued a policy to strengthenvocational education. The target policy is to change the proportion of studentfrom vocational high school and general high school to 70:30 in 2015. The policyargument is addressing the employment issues relating to the specific skills andalleviate unemployment. Until the last few years, the number of students andvocational school grew relatively fast. The consequences is, the budget spent bythe government on vocational school expenses is higher than general school. However, the data showed that the unemployment rate for vocational graduate ishigher than general school graduate, meanwhile the wage levels did not differsignificantly. This study are using descriptive analysis and cost-benefit analysis.Results show that the comparation of unemployment rate between general schooland vocational school graduates is not to high, and the the changing proportionof 70:30 students are ineficient policies]"