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"The Routledge History of the Second World War sums up the latest trends in the scholarship of that conflict, covering a range of major themes and issues.The book delivers a thematic analysis of the many ways in which study of the Second World War can take place, considering international, transnational, and global approaches, and serves as a major jumping off point for further research into the specific fields covered by each of the expert authors. It demonstrates the global and total nature of the Second World War, giving due coverage to the conflict in all major theatres and through the lens of the key combatants and neutrals, examines issues of race, gender, ideology, and society during the war, and functions as a textbook to educate students as to the trends that have taken place in how the conflict has been (and can be) interpreted in the modern world. Divided into twelve parts that cover central themes of the conflict, including theatres of war, leadership, societies, occupation, secrecy and legacies, it enables those with no memory of war to approach it with a view to comprehending what it was all about and places the history of this conflict into a context that is international, transnational, and institutional.This is a comprehensive and accessible reference volume for anyone interested in the most up to date scholarship on this major conflict.Chapter 18 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com"

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini menguji teori norma ekonomi Michael Mousseau menggunakan studi kasus Perang Dunia I. Metode yang digunakan adalah congruence test. Sepuluh negara objek yang terdiri dari Serbia, Austria-Hungaria, Rusia, Jerman, Prancis, Inggris, Turki Otoman, Italia, Jepang, dan Amerika Serikat dites terlebih dahulu memiliki norma contract intensive economy (CIE) atau tidak. Empat dari sepuluh negara terbukti masuk golongan negara CIE, yaitu Jerman, Prancis, Inggris, dan Amerika Serikat. Kemudian, penulis menguji dua hipotesis teori norma ekonomi melalui interaksi keempat negara tersebut di Perang Dunia I. Hasilnya, hipotesis pertama yang menyatakan negara CIE tidak akan saling berperang tidak terbukti dalam pengujian. Sedangkan, hipotesis kedua yang berbunyi negara CIE demokratis tidak akan menyerang negara demokratis lainnya bisa dibuktikan dalam pengujian.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to test Michael Mousseau’s economic norms theory with First World War as its case study. By using congruence test method, I test ten countries that involved in First World War. They are Serbia, Austro-Hungary, Russia, Germany, France, Great Britain, Turkey Ottoman, Italy, Japan, and United States of America. First, I examine which countries were fulfilling CIE characteristics. Germany, France, Great Britain, and USA passed this test. After that, I have to prove two hypotheses provided by this theory through the interactions of these states. The results show that first hypothesis which stated that CIE countries would be at peace with each other’s comes contrast with the facts. The second hypothesis, which stated that democratic CIE countries would refrain to attack another democratic countries, is well proven through the facts."