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"In its development of the last three years, there has been a new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction; i.e. public claims made using a class action procedure. The utilization of such a procedure has been made so frequently and obtained legal forces because it has got us opportunity and justification in a variety of Indonesian legislations; among other things: law no. 23, 1997 concerning environmental management, law no. 8, 1999 regarding consumer protection and law no. 41 governing forestry followed up by a litigation procedure through the supreme court?s regulation no. 1, 2002. such a regulation has bridged the concept and legal theory which is subsequently used to execute .civil dalm procedures since there has been a shift from using an individual model to using a representative one. before the supreme court issued this regulation, courts had always' rejected collective claims on the ground that Indonesias civil law, especially section 123 of hir, a revised indonesia's law, stated that such claims could be brought up their claimants or by hiring Iavvyers. without a special authorization, however, lawyers could not represent class interest to be in session of court now, on the basis of article 4 of supreme court regulation to represent a ciass interest, the representative is not required to have this special authorization from the group he represents. social groups having the some case shoulclnot bring their case individually to prevent a recurrent case from happening. this oollective claim, class action, can be made at a lower cost so that the general public may bring their claims to court. in addition, to void mutually controversial verdicts, when each individual make his own claim, class action constitutes to be a more effident procedure. class action as a litigation procedure has its historical, social and cultural background in the common law system. therefore, class action as an effort of civil law reform in Indonesia has a tendency toward the civil law system; from legal comparison viewpoint, lt requires brillian thoughts on the part of judges in order to implement the existing laws actively; let alone, when we consider that the supreme court regulation no. 1, 2002 is but a way of transferring on America or Australian model. on the other hand, class action as a legal protection over Indonesian communities can be exercised as a social control; i.e. as social norms against deviant behaviours and their effects that include prohibitions, demands, condemnation and compensation. dispude resolution procedures with regard to compensation over unlawful deeds in class action should be prepared in detail, covering mechanism of its distribution for all members of a class including suggestions on court proving or panel to help distribute compensation more smoothly. when a compensation demand is approved, a judge isobliged to decide in detail the class grouping, compensation distribution mechanism`and steps to be taken by class representatives such as the obligation of notification. among the frequent cases are environmental function recovery, waste management improvement, pollution source eradication, compensation for the affected group and attitudinal changes among law breakers.Besides, class action as a tool of social engineering, that is, when a gap between law and social change appears, should find its solution whereas class action as a social emancipation means the equal right among various aspects of social life.based on the fact that court decision in class action is binding to all, any interest group using this procedure should help reduce administrative problems. this new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction, public claims using a class action procedure, ls relevant to Frederick Calvert's theory. the people?s interest represented by a class action is in accordance with the theoiy of utilitarianism proposed by Jeremy Bentham. judges, accordingly, should make their decision on the basis of equilibrium principle between individual and collective interests as put forward by John Rawls In his theory of justice. rules are then needed to avoid a conflict of interests, between individual and collective ones. law as an umpire is indispensable."

"ABSTRAKin its development of the last three years, there has been a new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction; i.e. public claims made using a class action procedure. The utilization of such a procedure has been made so frequently and obtained legal forces because it has got us opportunity and justification in a variety of Indonesian legislations; among other things: law no. 23, 1997 concerning environmental management, law no. 8, 1999 regarding consumer protection and law no. 41 governing forestry followed up by a litigation procedure through the supreme court?s regulation no. 1, 2002. such a regulation has bridged the concept and legal theory which is subsequently used to execute .civil dalm procedures since there has been a shift from using an individual model to using a representative one. before the supreme court issued this regulation, courts had always' rejected collective claims on the ground that Indonesias civil law, especially section 123 of hir, a revised indonesia's law, stated that such claims could be brought up their claimants or by hiring Iavvyers. without a special authorization, however, lawyers could not represent class interest to be in session of court now, on the basis of article 4 of supreme court regulation to represent a ciass interest, the representative is not required to have this special authorization from the group he represents. social groups having the some case shoulclnot bring their case individually to prevent a recurrent case from happening. this oollective claim, class action, can be made at a lower cost so that the general public may bring their claims to court. in addition, to void mutually controversial verdicts, when each individual make his own claim, class action constitutes to be a more effident procedure. class action as a litigation procedure has its historical, social and cultural background in the common law system. therefore, class action as an effort of civil law reform in Indonesia has a tendency toward the civil law system; from legal comparison viewpoint, lt requires brillian thoughts on the part of judges in order to implement the existing laws actively; let alone, when we consider that the supreme court regulation no. 1, 2002 is but a way of transferring on America or Australian model. on the other hand, class action as a legal protection over Indonesian communities can be exercised as a social control; i.e. as social norms against deviant behaviours and their effects that include prohibitions, demands, condemnation and compensation. dispude resolution procedures with regard to compensation over unlawful deeds in class action should be prepared in detail, covering mechanism of its distribution for all members of a class including suggestions on court proving or panel to help distribute compensation more smoothly. when a compensation demand is approved, a judge isobliged to decide in detail the class grouping, compensation distribution mechanism`and steps to be taken by class representatives such as the obligation of notification. among the frequent cases are environmental function recovery, waste management improvement, pollution source eradication, compensation for the affected group and attitudinal changes among law breakers.besides, class action as a tool of social engineering, that is, when a gap between law and social change appears, should find its solution whereas class action as a social emancipation means the equal right among various aspects of social life.based on the fact that court decision in class action is binding to all, any interest group using this procedure should help reduce administrative problems. this new phenomenon in Indonesia jurisdiction, public claims using a class action procedure, ls relevant to Frederick Calvert's theory. the people?s interest represented by a class action is in accordance with the theoiy of utilitarianism proposed by Jeremy Bentham. judges, accordingly, should make their decision on the basis of equilibrium principle between individual and collective interests as put forward by John Rawls In his theory of justice. rules are then needed to avoid a conflict of interests, between individual and collective ones. law as an umpire is indispensable."

"Perkembangan kegiatan usaha dan perusahaan yang dicapai pada dekade tahun 70-an, telah mendorong pemerintah untuk mengeluarkan UU WDP Tercipatanya Daftar Perusahaan sebagai sumber informasi resmi mengenai dunia usaha, melalui mekanisme pendaftaran perusahaan yang diatur dalam UU WDP tersebut, diharapkan mampu mendorong adanya tranparansi data dan informasi dari tiap-tiap perusahaan yang ada dan menjalankan kegiatan usahanya di Indonesia.Eksistensi Daftar Perusahaan sebagai surnber informasi resmi yang bersifat terbuka, tidak hanya diperlukan bagi kepentingan kalangan dunia usaha, tetapi juga pemerintah dan masyarakat Bagi dunia usaha Daftar Perusahaan adalah panting untuk mencegah atau menghindari dari praktek-praktek usaha yang tidak jujur, sekaligus untuk melindungi perusahaan yang dijalankan secara jujur. Selain itu Daftar Perusahaan dapat pula digunakan sebagai sumber informasi bagi kepentingan usahanya. Kemudian bagi pemerintah, adanya Daftar Perusahaan yang mampu menyajikan informasi secara seksama mengenai keadaan dan perkembangan yang sebenarnya tentang dunia usaha di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia, sangat berguna untuk menetapkan kebijaksanaan dalam rangka memberikan bimbingan, pembinaan dan pengawasan atas dunia usaha serta menciptakan iklim usaha yang sehat dan tertib. Sedangkan bagi masyarakat dapat memperluas wawasan mereka tentang keadaan yang sebenamya dari perusahaan yang ada, sehingga kekeliruan persepsi tentang perusahaan-perusahaan tersebut semaksimal mungkin dapat ilihindari.Meskipun begitu mulianya gagasan yang ingin diwujudkan oleh UUWDP, namun sampai saat im efektifitas peraturan tersebut masih sangat rendah. Oleh karena itu perlu dikaji mengapa terjadi hal yang demildan, upaya apa saja yang telah ditempuh untuk mengatasi persoalan yang menyangkut pelaksanaan peraturan pendaftaran perusahaan tersebut dan bagaimana aspek pertanggung jawaban dari pihak perusahaan wajib daftar apabila ada pihak-pihak yang merasa dirugikan.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosio yuridis dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui metode kualitatif_Dari hasil penelitian dapat dikemukakan bahwa yang rnenyebabkan rendahnya efektivitas dari peraturan pendaftaran perusahaan tersebut meliputi 4 faktor, baik peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur penyelenggaraan pendaftaran perusahaan, petugas yang menjalankan peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut, fasilitas yang diperlukan untuk mendukung kelancaran pelaksanaan tugas penyelenggaraan pendaftaran perusahaan, dan dari pihak perusahaan wajib daftar itu sendiri. Upaya yang ditempuh untuk mengantisipasi dan menanggulangi persoalan yang terkait dengan pelaksanaan peraturan pendaftaran perusahaan yaitu antara lain menyempurnakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan penyelenggaraan pendaftaran perusahaan, menggalakkan upaya menuju padapembentukan institusi penyelenggara pendaftaran perusahaan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, meningkatkan sumber daya manusia melalui pelatihan komputer, mendayagunakan personil dari unit lain, pengangkatan Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PPNS), pertemuan teknis serta melakukan penyuluhan hukum pada kalangan perusahaan wajib daftar, meskipun masih sangat terbatas.Mengenai aspek pertanggungjawaban hukum, UU WDP hanya mengatur dari segi pidana dan administratif, sedangkan pertanggungjawaban hukum dari segi perdata jika timbul kerugian pihak ketiga, samasekali tidak diatur.Tindakan tegas terhadap setiap pelanggaran peraturan pendaftaran perusahaan belum diterapkan secara maksimal. Mengingat kondisi yang ada disarankan untuk segera melakukan perubahan terhadap UU WDP agar dapat mengantisipasi kebutuhan data dan informasi yang sedang berkembang, merealisasikan pembentukan struktur organisasi penyelenggara pendaftaran perusahaan yang mampu menopang pelaksanaan tugas dan kewajiban secara optimal, mengatur ketentuan mengenai aspek pertanggungjawaban hukum pihak perusahaan wajib daftar secara lebih konprehensif; menerapkan tindakan tegas atas setiap pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan oleh pihak perusahaan wajib daftar, menanggulangi hambatan yang timbul sehubungan dengan penerapan Sisminbakum."