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"Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari tahu kaitan antara perilaku sosial warga guyub Bugis di Jakarta Utara dan bahasa daerahnya, yang difokuskan. pada usaha untuk mendeskripsikan serta mengeksplanasikan tingkat pemertahanan dan penggeseran bahasa daerah guyub yang bersangkutan. Teori yang dijadikan kerangka acuan dalam tesis ini adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Dorian (19B1). Kajian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data-data kebahasaan yang dimanfaatkan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner.Di dalam penelitian ini dibicarakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pemertahanan dan penggeseran bahasa daerah guyub Bugis. Secara khusus, dalam telaah ini dipaparkan kecenderungan pemakaian bahasa Bugis yang ditinjau dan variabel-variabel seperti situasi dan topik pembicaraan, Dalam uraian tesis ini dijabarkan pula kecenderungan sikap guyub Bugis terhadap bahasa daerahnya maupun bahasa daerah yang lain. Masalah status diglosik guyub ini turut pula dipersoalkan di dalamnya.Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa telah terjadi proses pemertahanan dan penggeseran bahasa di kalangan guyub Bugis di Jakarta Utara. Pemertahanan bahasa terjadi di kalangan responden usia dewasa, sementara penggeseran bahasa dialami oleh responden usia muda. Pemertahanan bahasa dan penggeseran bahasa di kalangan guyub Bugis ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti tempat lahir, kawin campur, situasi, dan faktor subjektif. Melalui penelitian ini diketahui pula bahwa terdapat dua sikap yang berbeda di antara guyub Bugis terhadap bahasa daerahnya. Kelompok pria merupakan kelompok yang bersikap positif terhadap bahasa Bugis, sedangkan kelompok wanita cenderung bersikap negatif terhadap bahasa daerahnya. Sikap mereka terhadap bahasa daerah lain beragam, sebagian bersikap positif dan sebagian lagi sebaliknya. Dari penelitian ini pula terungkap bahwa guyub Bugis di Jakarta Utara berada dalam situasi diglosik versi Fishman, yakni masyarakat bilingual dengan diglosia.

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The aim of this research is to find out the relation between the social behaviour of Bugis people domiciling in North Jakarta and their traditional language, which is focused on the effort to describe and to explain the level of their traditional language maintenance and language shift. The theoretical frame work offered by Dorian (1981) has been employed in this study. The study has been conducted by employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data used in this research comes from the questionnaires.I have discussed the factors that influence the level of the Bugis traditional language maintenance and shift. As of previous, mainly I talked about the preference of most Bugis in using their language, viewed from some variables such as situation and topic of conversation. I also tried to explain the attitudinal tendency of Bugis about their own language and other traditional languages. Moreover, the level of diglossia of Bugis also counts here.The result of this research has found that Bugis people in North Jakarta are in the process of both maintaining the language as well as shifting it. Those who maintain the language are mostly member of the older generation, and those who tend to shift it are of the younger generation. The factors that influence the language maintenance and language shift are place of birth, cross-cultural marriage, situation, and subjective factors. I also noticed that there are two different language attitudes among Bugis regarding their tradtional language. Male group can be assumed as those who have a positive attitude to the language, but in contrast female group are those who have a negative attitude to their traditional language. About the attitude of other languages, it seems that both groups show various preferences, some are quite positive while others are negative. Another result of this research also shows that the Bugis are in the Fishman's type of diglossic situation, namely bilingual society with diglossia."

"ABSTRACTThis study started from the two main problems. Those are (1) the factors caused the shift of Tonsea Language and (2) the factors supported the maintenance of the language. Based on the problems above, this study aimed to find out the factors causing the shift of Tonsea language and the factors supporting the maintenance of the language. As a consequence, the population of this study was all the member of Tonsea speech community, especially the 4.778 persons who lived in the village of Laikit, Dimembe. Then, the respondents of this study were 140 persons, taken through proportional stratified random sampling based on their sex, age, education, and occupation. in order to obtain such aims the researcher involved the following ways. Data were collected through structured interview, questionnaires, participatory observation, and recording. The questionnaires was given to the respondents who were eleven to eighteen of age and above twenty-one. in addition, the process of recording was aided with some stimulation to the informants. Then, the data were analyzed with ANOVA in order to get the level of significance of their language choice. To make sure the accuracy of the computation the researcher used statistic computer "Microstat". This study found the following result. Tonsea language was used by the tonsean aged fifty or more as the language was mastered enough by such people. The language was also used as a culture support, such as in family meeting, arisan, wedding ceremony, funeral ceremony, tumuwar activity, and traditional ceremony in order to release a village from the troubles made by devils. in addition, the language was also used by the youth when they were talking to their siblings, brothers or sisters in law, parents, and grand-parents. Malay-Manado language was used among tonseans who were under fifty of age in their community, by tonsean under fifty of age to their children, to their parents, and to the other persons in the same village. Mixed language was used by the participants in the situations other than what is mentioned above. Bahasa Indonesia tend to be used by the youth in educational and religious domain. The maintenance variables of Tonsea Language were age, education and occupation. The tonseans who were fifty or more tend to maintain the language while those who were under fifty were not. The tonseans whose education was elementary school tend to use Tonsea language while those whose education were high school or university tend to use Malay-lVlenado or mixed the languages. Farmers, housewives, and merchandiser tend to use Tonsea language while civil servants, military member, students, and private servants tend to use Malay-Manado or mix the languages."

"Awal tahun enam puluhan merupakan masa awal saya berkenalan dengan ilmu yang bernama epigrafi. Dalam salah satu prasasti yang ketika itu dijadikan bahan kuliah, ditemukan dua kata yang cukup menarik bagi saya, yaitu runwas (prasasti Polengan 4) dan wangkyul (prasasti Polengan 2). Saya mencoba mengajukan pendapat akan adanya kemungkinan bahwa kedua kata tersebut sekarang dikenal dalam bentuknya yang "baru", yaitu rimbas dan cangkul. Kata rimbas dikenal dalam bahasa Sunda, sedangkan cangkul dalam bahasa Indonesia (Melayu). Namun, segera saya diperingatkan agar jangan terlalu berani mengambil simpulan, mengingat datanya masih sangat kurang. Saya segera menyadari kedudukan saya sebagai mahasiswa yang barn belajar epigrafi, dan boleh dikatakan tanpa pengetahuan linguistik sedikit pun. Apa yang saya petik dari peringatan itu adalah, agar kita tidak terlalu tergesa-gesa menyimpulkan apa yang kita temukan, terutama jika bahannya tidak mencukupi.Ketika kamus Jawa Kuna yang paling lengkap terbit, kata rimbas dan rimwas tercatat sebagai jejar 'entri'; rimbas ditemukan dalam naskah Udyogaparwa. 6.25: "tang wenang ikang patuk rimbas ri sarira nikang daityd"; 6.29: "aster bajropama iku rimbas pin.akasar`rjatanyu"; dan -Kidung Harsawijaya 4.65a: "(ni.babad) antau'a wadung timbers garut"; sedangkan kata rimwas ditemukan dalam prasasti Polengan 4 (877 N1) 1111: "rintu'as I rradung I patuk-pattrk. I lukai 1". Kata itu sering ditemukan dalam prasasti (Zoetmulder 1982:1551). Demikian juga halnya dengan kata wangkyul, tercantum sebagai jejar, terdapat dalam prasasti Polengan 2 (875 M) 1A9: "Haggis .1 wangkyut I gulumi I". Kata itu pun sering ditemukan dalam prasasti (kys.:2197)."

"ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini diungkapkan berbagai aspek berkenaan dengan Komplek Taman Narmada yang berlokasi di Desa Lémbuak, Kecamatan Narmada, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Permasahannya adalah apa dan bagimana fungsi bangunan ini hubungan dengan keberadaan bangunan-bangunan yang bernilai sakral diantara bangunan-bangunan yang bernilai profaan. kapan taman Namada dibangun, oleh siapa dan unltuk apa. Dengan demikian penelitian bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan sumbangan berkenaan dengan peninggalan bersejarah yang berlatar belakang agama Hindu di Lombok.Untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian, dilakukan studi kepustakaan terhadap sumber-sumber kolonial yang selama ini belum banyak digarap dalam kajian-kajian sebelumnya untuk melengkapi data lapangan maupun sumber-sumber lokal."