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"ABSTRAKSetiap masyarakat mempunyai figur atau sosok yang menjadi teladan dalam kehidupan. Pahlawan merupakan figur yang diimajinasikan sebagai seorang yang mempunyai kemampuan lebih dan jasa yang luar biasa sehingga masih tetap dikenang dan dijadikan teladan bagi generasi berikutnya. Indonesia merupakan negara yang mempunyai banyak Pahlawan Nasional. Penganugerahan gelar pahlawan melibatkan beberapa pihak, salah satunya adalah Tim Peneliti Pengkaji Gelar Pusat (TP2GP). Tim tersebut meneliti dan mengkaji calon pahlawan yang diusulkan melalui Kementerian Sosial. Sebagai tim independen, maka setiap anggota tim berhak menyampaikan penilaian maupun argumen pada saat sidang pembahasan calon Pahlawan Nasional. Penilaian terhadap calon pahlawan lahir dari sebuah proses negosiasi dan kekuasaan. Pahlawan Nasional menjadi simbol identitas bangsa. Pahlawan Nasional juga menjadi memori kolektif bangsa. Keberadaan Pahlawan tidak bisa lepas dari sejarah, nasionalisme, negosiasi, dan kekuasaan. Sering dikatakan bahwa negara yang menentukan pahlawan. Negara tidak seharusnya dipahami sebagai bentuk kekuasaan yang kaku sehingga bisa menentukan apa saja. Sekelompok orang yang dianggap ahli dibidangnya turut mempengaruhi keputusan gelar Pahlawan Nasional.

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ABSTRACT

Every society has a figure or personage as a model in life. Hero is a figure that is imagined as someone who has more capabilities and extraordinary merit that is still remembered and used as a model for the next generation. Indonesia is a country that has many National Heroes. Comferment of the title hero involves multiple sides, one of which is the Tim Peneliti Pengkaji Gelar Pusat (TP2GP). The team is researching and reviewing the proposed of the candidate of hero through the Ministry of Social. As an independent team, each member of the team can give an assessment and argument at debate of the candidates of National Hero. Assessment of the hero born from a process of negotiation and power. National Hero become a symbol of national identity. National Hero also become the nation?s collective memory. The existence of a National Hero can not be sparated from history, nationalism, negotiating, and power. State is often understood as a determinant of national hero. The state should not be understood as a form of power that rigid so that it can determine anything. A group of people who are considered experts in their fields also influence decisions of National Hero."

"ABSTRACTThe discussion on terrorism is currently focused on issues concerning law enforcement efforts, cooperation between defense institutions, analysis of legal policies, and definitions of terrorism. Women (especially wives) are excluded from the process of dialogue and response to terrorism. This study emphasizes the experience and voice of the wives of former convicted terrorists. This article explores the process of upheaval and negotiation from the extremist narratives contained in the logic of thinking as a struggle in the context of self acceptance and autonomy. This study uses a case study approach with a feminist perspective, and in depth interviews as a method of data collection. The feminist view of Relational Autonomy and the Politics of Piety was chosen as a theoretical framework for analyzing findings. The results of the study indicate that there is an indoctrination from the husband about the teachings of extremism and that the wife experiences a struggle to internalize the teaching. On the other hand, there are also findings that show wives also negotiate with their husbands in carrying out the teachings of extremism. The conclusion of this study shows that the wifes figure experiences the process of constructivism and relational autonomy in the struggle process and its negotiations so far. In addition, the wife can also be seen as an agent to strengthen the spirit of nationality through the values of tolerance."

"Perubahan iklim bukan lagi merupakan hal yang baru. Para ilmuwan, pemimpin negara, serta masyarakat sipil telah menyadari akan adanya perubahan iklim yang berdampak besar kepada kehidupan umat manusia di bumi ini..."