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"The criminal justice system encompasses the most severe instrument at the state's disposal in times of peace. For this and many other reasons, overuse of that system is a serious matter. It may present itself in different forms. Overuse of criminalization may mean that too much conduct is criminalized without necessity. Overuse of prosecution may present itself if too many violations of criminal offences are prosecuted, while in certain individual cases or specific categories of cases it would be more effective, fairer, more efficient or otherwise desirable to refrain from prosecution and/or to apply alternative means, such as negotiating justice or administrative fines. Finally, the criminal justice system can be overused through the application and execution of too many or too severe prison sentences. All these forms of overuse are discussed in this volume. It contains one introductory chapter, seven thematic chapters and sixteen chapters on individual countries around the world. Themes discussed in these chapters are, among others, the principle that criminal law is and must be regarded as a so-called ultima ratio or ultimum remedium, the relevant human rights framework, worldwide statistics, and legal and practical restraints as well as possibilities to solve overuse. Containing an extensive collection of expert knowledge, this volume intends to expose legal possibilities, good practices and the many challenges that lie ahead when attempting to prevent overuse in the criminal justice system."

"Indonesia merupakan negara civil law. Peraturan tertulis menjadi sumber hokum yang terutama dalam negara civil law. Dahulu sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia bersumber pada HIR yang menganut prinsip inquisitor. Sejak tahun 1982, sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia bersumber pada Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Hukum Acara Pidana/KUHAP yang menganut prinsip akusator. Prinsip akusator menjamin pelaksanaan hak asasi manusia yang terlibat dalam suatu proses pidana. Namun pasal-pasal dalam KUHAP sendiri justru masih menganut prinsip inquisitor. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan adanya ketentuan mengenai suatu dokumen yang disebut sebagai berita acara penyidikan/BAP. BAP saksi dalam KUHAP, selain menjadi pedoman bagi hakim dalam memeriksa perkara, dapat pula menjadi sebuah alat bukti bagi hakim. Tentu saja hal ini telah melanggar prinsip akusator. Bahkan dalam praktik sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia, hakim kerap melakukan apa yang tidak ditentukan oleh KUHAP, dengan lebih mengutamakan keterangan dalam BAP saksi ketimbang dengan keterangan yang diberikan oleh seorang saksi di depan persidangan, sebagai alat bukti keterangan saksi yang sah.

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Indonesia is a civil law country. In the civil law country, written rules become main sources of law. Indonesian Criminal Justice System was based on HIR which embraces an inquisitor principle. Since 1982, the Indonesian Criminal Justice System had been rooted in Law No. 8 of 1981 on the Law of Criminal Procedure / Criminal Procedure Code which adopts an akusator principle. Akusator principle ensures the implementation of human rights who involved in a criminal process. But the articles in the Criminal Procedure Code itself still adopts an inquisitor principle. It can be seen with the existence of a document named as the investigation report / BAP. This witness investigation minute, besides being a guide for judges in examining cases, it can also be an evidence for the judge?s consideration. Of course this condition has violated the principle of akusator. In fact, judges often do what is not determined by the Criminal Procedure Code, to prioritize the witness testimony written in BAP more than the testimony given by a witness before trial, as evidence of legitimate witness testimony."