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"The endurance of the nation means the concept and strength of maintaining national resilience that covers its existence in the midst of civilization and strategic environmental changes, towards the dynamic conditions of national resilience for maintaining order, stability and the potential for change (the stability idea of changes). The challenges and problems of national resilience are dynamic variants that require comprehensive thinking on systems, policies and the strategy on national behavior (behavior science), which supported by patriotism and the energy of national health security towards the role of the TNI to fill the zones and accumulation of health development that illustrate the performance of national self-sufficiency and national. The struggle of the nation’s health in the perspective of structural and participatory strength starts with the ability to drive leadership, metabolic health community and agent of change that meets the reliability value of High Reliability Organization (HRO). The reliability that is formed will trigger the innovation and out of the box spirit to assemble a network (networking) for change, so that it is manifested as a performance of professional reliability that heightens the potential of the nation’s health and national resilience. Synergy of the National Health System (SKN) and the Defense Health System (Siskeshan) is a web of links to support the effort on the empowerment of the strategic value of national health.This strategy strengthens the national health network (one health) against the global health threats complexity that threaten the national resilience. The existence of Public Health Emergency global challenges in a form of outbreaks which spreads rapidly with unpredictable problematic, that triggers every nation to strengthen the nation struggle for synergizing the health development under the basis of national defense system."

"The development of the strategic environment has an impact on the rapid development of asymmetrical threats. The Southeast Asian region is one that faces this threat. Indonesia, as one of the countries in the Southeast Asian Region, has conducted a Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement to prevent the asymmetrical threat, especially in the Sulu Sea. This study aims to analyze the Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement strategy as Indonesia's defense strategy in overcoming asymmetrical threats in the Southeast Asian Region. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. This study uses the theory of defense science, the concept of strategy, counter terrorism, asymmetric warfare, defense cooperation, cooperative security, and deterrence theory. The results of this study can be divided into three namely, first, the asymmetrical threat that occurs in Southeast Asia, especially the Sulu Sea continues to grow and specifically divided into terrorism; transnational crime namely armed piracy and kidnapping for ransom; and illegal migration. Second, in its implementation, the Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement (TCA) in the Sulu Sea consists of Coordinated Sea Patrol, Air Patrol, Information and Intelligent Sharing and Land Exercise. The four patrols are strategic cooperation which constitutes a unity so that they cannot be separated in parts or functions. However, in its implementation, there are opportunities and challenges that need to be a concern of both policy makers or operational parties. Third, the Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement is a strategy that can overcome the asymmetrical threats that have occurred in Southeast Asia, especially in the Sulu Sea since 2016-2018, but in 2019 the asymmetrical threats in the Sulu Sea have increased. The strategy used is to use defense cooperation as well as using soft power and hard power which provide deterrence effects for asymmetric threat actors. In addition, it strengthens the collaboration of Ministries and Institutions as policy makers, as well as the military army and local governments as operational implementers and supporting rules such as operational procedure rules."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas konsep security dan defence dalam studi ketahanan nasional yang kemudian menganalisis ketahanan politik dan ketahanan ekonomi pada krisis kesehatan pandemi Covid-19 agar menjadi masukan dalam RUU Kamnas untuk dapat disahkan di DPR untuk menciptakan keamanan dan pertahanan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk ancaman kontemporer terkait security dan defence, serta persamaan dan perbedaannya.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Informan yang diwawancarai sebanyak 2 orang pejabat setingkat Eselon III dari Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia.Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk ancaman kontemporer yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah ancaman di perbatasan yang mempengaruhi keutuhan wilayah, ancaman separatisme dari KKB di Papua serta beberapa bencana alam yang memakan korban jiwa, dan saat ini sedang terjadi pandemi Covid-19. Persamaan konsep security dan defence dapat dilihat dari regulasi dan konsepnya. Sedangkan perbedaannya dapat dilihat dari kelembagaan, konstitusi, dan sumber ancaman. Pada analisis ketahanan politik dan ketahanan ekonomi dalam menghadapi ancaman krisis kesehatan pandemi yang berimbas pada sektor lain baik politik, ekonomi, dan keamanan. Dampak yang paling dirasakan adalah banyaknya pasien yang meninggal dunia, menurunnya pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan tingginya jumlah pengangguran. Belum sinerginya pemerintah pusat dengan daerah serta tumpang tindihnya kewenangan dalam penyelesaian masalah menyebabkan makin bertambahnya korban pandemi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan regulasi kebijakan keamanan nasional yang mengatur tentang wewenang dan tanggung jawab serta koordinasi antar lembaga dalam penyelesaian pandemi ini.

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ABSTRACTThis research discusses the concepts of security and defence in a national resilience study which then analyzes political resilience and economic resilience in the Covid-19 pandemic health crisis so that it becomes an input in the National Security Draft to be passed in the Parliament to create national security and defence. This study aims to explain the forms of contemporary threats related to security and defence, as well as their similarities and differences.This research method uses descriptive qualitative research design. The research data collection technique was carried out through interviews and literature study. Informants who were interviewed were 2 echelon III officials from the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Indonesia.The results of the analysis of this research are the forms of contemporary threats that occur in Indonesia are threats at the border that affect the territorial integrity, the threat of separatism from the KKB in Papua and several natural disasters that take lives, and currently the Covid-19 pandemic is happening. The similarities between the concepts of security and defence can be seen from the regulations and concepts. While the difference can be seen from the institutional, constitutional, and source of threats. In the analysis of political resilience and economic resilience in the face of the threat of a pandemic health crisis which impacted on other sectors of politics, economy and security. The most pronounced impact is the number of patients who died, declining economic growth, and high unemployment. The lack of synergy between the central government and the regions and overlapping authority in solving problems has led to an increase in pandemic casualties. Therefore, national security policy regulation is needed that regulates the authority and responsibility and coordination between institutions in resolving this pandemic."