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"Orthodontic medical treatment is performed to move a tooth to the optimal position to obtain optimal occlusion. Orthodontic treatment is accompanied by mechanical stress due to orthodontic force and by psychological stress that is experienced as pain or displeasure. The purpose of this study was to identify stress marker proteins during orthodontic treatment. Levels of receptor activator of NFκB (RANKL) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were analyzed as markers of mechanical stress, and levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and amylase in whole saliva were analyzed as markers of psychological stress. GCF was collected from control and experimental teeth at initiation of treatment and 24 h after treatment. Whole saliva was collected before treatment, at initiation of treatment and 24 h after treatment. RANKL was expressed at 24 h after treatment in the experimental GCF, but not in the control GCF. HSP70 appeared to be constitutively expressed in GCF, and its levels showed no major change between the control and experimental groups from initiation of treatment to 24 h after treatment. Amylase activity in whole saliva was enhanced at 24 h after treatment compared to control, but CgA levels showed little change between the groups. These results indicated that RANKL and amylase may be the candidate markers for mechanical and psychological stress, respectively, during orthodontic treatment, even though the total protein concentration and amylase activity displayed a large standard deviation among subjects. Further studies are therefore required to establish these markers for clinical use."

"Demand for dental health care is increasing, especially in the Orthodontic field. The main objective of orthodontic treatment is to restore malocclusion conditions. Malocclusion causes aesthetics issues for the patient’s face and several discomforts like a difficulty in breathing or swallowing or speaking. If not repaired, a malocclusion could lead to other diseases, such as a greater risk of perforated teeth, gum irritation and temporomandibular disorder or pain in the lower jaw. Malocclusion can be remedied by Orthodontic Brackets. This research aim is to fabricate an orthodontic bracket that is suitable for the teeth structure of the Indonesian people. The fabrication method uses an Investment Casting process. The results show that orthodontic brackets have been successfully produced within an acceptable geometric tolerance, with the exception that surface finish quality has to be improved."

"Latar Belakang: Perawatan ortodontik, yang bertujuan memperbaiki maloklusi dan meningkatkan estetika serta fungsi dentofasial, membutuhkan keterlibatan aktif pasien untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal. Peran pasien menjadi semakin penting dengan pendekatan Pengambilan Keputusan Bersama (PKB), yang mendorong partisipasi pasien dalam pengambilan keputusan perawatan. PKB, didukung oleh komunikasi efektif dan pendidikan manajemen diri, menawarkan peluang untuk meningkatkan kepuasan, kepatuhan, dan hasil klinis, meskipun menghadapi tantangan dalam implementasinya. Pembahasan: PKB memberikan banyak manfaat, termasuk peningkatan pengetahuan pasien, hubungan yang lebih baik antara pasien dan ortodontis, serta penggunaan sumber daya yang lebih efisien. Komunikasi efektif, baik verbal maupun nonverbal, memainkan peran penting dalam membangun kepercayaan dan menyampaikan informasi secara jelas. Pendidikan manajemen diri juga berkontribusi signifikan, membantu pasien memahami tanggung jawab mereka dalam menjaga kebersihan mulut selama perawatan, mengurangi risiko iatrogenik, dan membentuk kebiasaan sehat jangka panjang. Ringkasan: Peran aktif pasien dalam perawatan ortodontik merupakan kunci keberhasilan perawatan jangka panjang. Dengan memperkuat PKB, komunikasi efektif, dan pendidikan manajemen diri, hasil perawatan dapat ditingkatkan secara signifikan.

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Background: Orthodontic treatment, aimed at correcting malocclusion and improving dentofacial aesthetics and function, requires active patient involvement to achieve optimal outcomes. The role of patients has become increasingly significant with the adoption of Shared Decision Making (SDM), which promotes patient participation in treatment decisions. Supported by effective communication and self-management education, SDM offers opportunities to enhance patient satisfaction, compliance, and clinical outcomes, despite challenges in its implementation. Discussion: SDM provides numerous benefits, including increased patient knowledge, stronger relationships between patients and orthodontists, and more efficient resource utilization. Effective communication, both verbal and nonverbal, plays a critical role in building trust and delivering clear information. Self-management education also makes a significant contribution by helping patients understand their responsibilities in maintaining oral hygiene during treatment, reducing iatrogenic risks, and fostering long-term healthy habits. Summary: Active patient involvement in orthodontic treatment is key to achieving long-term success. Strengthening SDM, effective communication, and self-management education can significantly improve treatment outcomes."