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"Summary:A stability accident is one of the worst things that can happen to a ship. This two-volume set is intended for those concerned with the prevention against capsizing. It focuses on the regulatory, operational aspects of intact stability, and provides a review of research and results in the field."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efisiensi relatif antara kapalPT.PELNI dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan inefisiensi. Objek penelitianadalah 21 kapal pada periode 2009-2012. Variabel input yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah dana untuk subsidi PSO, dan kapasitas kursi kelas ekonomi.Variabel output adalah jumlah penumpang kelas ekonomi, jumlah voyage, danjumlah hari operasi. Penelitian ini menerapkan model Data Envelopment Analysis( DEA ). Hasil penelitian: hanya ada 4 kapal yang konsisten relatif efisien padaperiode 2009-2012. Penyebab utama dari inefisiensi kapal adalah jarak rute terlalujauh, dan terlalu banyak kursi di kelas ekonomi. Dengan demikian, disarankanuntuk membuat beberapa perbaikan dalam operasional kapal, terutama untukmemperpendek rute dan mengurangi jumlah kursi di kelas ekonomi.

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ABSTRACTThis research is aimed to identify the relative efficiency among of PT. PELNI'sships and the factors that cause the inefficiency. The object of study are 21 ships atperiod 2009-2012. The input variables used in the study are fund for subsidy PSO,and seat capacity of economy class. The output variables are number of economyclass passengers, number of voyages, and number of operating days. The studyapplied the model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The research result: thereare only 4 ships that consistently relatively efficient at period 2009-2012. The maincause of a ship inefficiency were the distance route is too far, and too many seat ineconomy class. Thus, it's suggested to make some improvement in operating ofships, especially to shorten the length of routes and to decrease the seat in economyclass., This research is aimed to identify the relative efficiency among of PT. PELNI'sships and the factors that cause the inefficiency. The object of study are 21 ships atperiod 2009-2012. The input variables used in the study are fund for subsidy PSO,and seat capacity of economy class. The output variables are number of economyclass passengers, number of voyages, and number of operating days. The studyapplied the model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The research result: thereare only 4 ships that consistently relatively efficient at period 2009-2012. The maincause of a ship inefficiency were the distance route is too far, and too many seat ineconomy class. Thus, it's suggested to make some improvement in operating ofships, especially to shorten the length of routes and to decrease the seat in economyclass.]"

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Perhitungan stabilitas pada kapal memiliki peran yang penting dalam menjaga keselamatan operasional di laut. Saat ini, IMO telah mengembangkan Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISc) sebagai tambahan dari First Generation Intact Stability Criteria (IS Code 2008) dengan tiga tingkat pemeriksaan dalam lima mode kegagalan. Dalam pemenuhan kriteria Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISc) untuk mode kegagalan dead ship condition, area operasi diduga memiliki pengaruh terhadap parameter pemenuhan kriteria tersebut. Penelitian ini berhasil mengembangkan aplikasi dengan integrasi Maxsurf dan bahasa pemrograman Visual Basic untuk melakukan otomasi sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi perhitungan kriteria dead ship condition. Aplikasi yang sudah dirancang kemudian akan digunakan untuk analisis lanjutan terkait pengaruh area operasi terhadap pemenuhan kriteria ini pada kapal peti kemas berbendera Indonesia. Analisis area operasi dilakukan dengan variasi nilai tekanan angin berdasarkan notasi range of service pada Peraturan Teknik PT Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) untuk level 1 serta variasi wilayah perairan untuk data wave scatter pada level 2. Fungsi effective wave slope diestimasi menggunakan station simplified method. Nilai koefisien roll damping diperoleh melalui simplified Ikeda method. Kapal yang dianalisis tidak mengalami kegagalan di semua variasi yang diuji di level 1, namun mengalami kegagalan di semua variasi pada level 2. Variasi dari area operasi akan berpengaruh terhadap parameter pemenuhan kriteria level 1 dead ship condition. Variasi wave scatter wilayah perairan pada level 2 tidak menghasilkan perbedaan nilai yang signifikan, baik itu secara pemenuhan kriteria maupun analisis dari tiap komponennya.

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Stability calculation of ships plays a crucial role in ensuring operational safety at sea. Currently, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISc) as an extension of the First Generation Intact Stability Criteria (IS Code 2008), incorporating three levels of examination across five failure modes. In fulfilling the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria for the dead ship condition failure mode, it is hypothesized that the operational area influences the criteria compliance parameters. This research has successfully developed an application that integrates Maxsurf and Visual Basic programming language to automate and enhance the efficiency of dead ship condition criteria calculations. The designed application is then utilized for further analysis concerning the influence of operational area on the criteria compliance for Indonesian-flagged container ships. Operational area analysis is conducted by varying wind pressure values based on the range of service notation in the Technical Regulations of Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) for level 1, along with variations in waterway regions for wave scatter data at level 2. The effective wave slope function is estimated using the station simplified method. The coefficient of roll damping is obtained through the simplified Ikeda method. The analyzed vessel did not experience failures in all tested variations at level 1 but encountered failures in all variations at level 2. Variations in the operational area affect the criteria compliance parameters for level 1 dead ship conditions. Variations in wave scatter within waterway regions at level 2 did not result in significant differences in values, whether in terms of criteria compliance or the analysis of each component.

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