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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran politik film Fahrenheit 9/11 yang dibuat oleh Michael Moore pada tahun 2004 dalam upaya menjaga dukungan masyarakat liberal Amerika Serikat dalam pemilihan umum. Film ini menggunakan teknik framing, dimana menekankan pada empat isu, terpilihanya George W. Bush dalam pemilihan umum tahun 2000 melawan Al Gore, kemudian Tragedi 11 September 2001, Invasi Amerika Serikat ke Afghanistan dan Irak, serta bisnis yang dilakukan oleh George W. Bush dan koleganya selama perang berlangsung.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the political role of the Fahrenheit 9/11 documentary movie made by Michael Moore in 2004 that try to keep liberal American Support in the Presidential Election. This Film using framing technique and focus on four things, which are George W. Bush's victory in the 2000 elections against Al Gore, the September 11 tragedy of 2001, the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, and the businesses of George W. Bush that profited from those wars."

"Dalam persaingan untuk memperebutkan kursi di Kongres, para kandidat berlomba-lomba menggunakan strategi kampanye untuk memenangkan dukungan dan suara dari pemilih. Upaya kampanye ini memerlukan penerimaan dan pengeluaran dana kampanye yang signifikan untuk menjalankan program kampanye mereka. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dana kampanye terhadap perolehan suara kandidat Kongres dalam Pemilihan Kongres Amerika Serikat 2020. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Federal Election Commission (FEC). Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 125 kandidat Pemilihan Kongres 2020 dengan confidence level 95% dan margin of error 5%. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier ordinal (OLS), penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh variabel penerimaan dan pengeluaran kampanye terhadap perolehan suara kandidat dengan mempertimbangkan kategori-kategori yang relevan. Variabel penerimaan dana kampanye akan dianalisis secara terpisah, meliputi penerimaan individu, penerimaan partai politik, penerimaan komite aksi politik, dan penerimaan dana pribadi kandidat. Demikian pula, variabel pengeluaran kampanye akan dianalisis secara terpisah, mencakup biaya pemasangan iklan kampanye, biaya acara kampanye, biaya peraga alat kampanye, dan biaya administratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalam pemilihan Kongres Amerika Serikat tahun 2020, penggunaan dana kampanye untuk biaya pemasangan iklan kampanye memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap perolehan suara anggota U.S. House of Representatives, sementara variabel lain seperti penerimaan dana kampanye individu, jumlah total penerimaan dana kampanye, dan total pengeluaran kampanye tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan secara statistik

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In the race for congressional seats, candidates are vying for support and votes from the electorate using campaign strategies. These campaign efforts require significant campaign fundraising and expenditures to run their programs. The research aims to analyze the influence of campaign funding on the vote acquisition of congressional candidates in the 2020 United States Congressional Election. The data used for this study is secondary data obtained from the Federal Election Commission (FEC). The research includes a sample of 125 candidates from the 2020 Congressional Election with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. Using the ordinal linear regression (OLS) analysis method, the research analyzes the impact of campaign funding and expenditure variables on candidate vote acquisition, considering relevant categories. Campaign funding variables, such as individual contributions, party contributions, political action committee contributions, and candidate personal contributions, will be analyzed separately. Similarly, campaign expenditure variables, including advertising expenses, campaign event costs, campaign material expenses, and administrative expenses, will be analyzed separately. The research findings indicate that in the 2020 United States Congressional Election, the use of campaign funds for advertising expenses significantly influenced the vote acquisition of U.S. House of Representatives members, while other variables such as individual campaign contributions, total campaign contributions, and total campaign expenditures did not show significant statistical significance."

"Stephen K. Medvic's Campaigns and Elections addresses two distinct but related aspects of American electoral democracy-both the processes that constitute campaigns and elections and the players who are involved. In addition to this balanced coverage on process and actors, it also gives equal billing to both campaigns and elections, and to contests for both legislative and executive positions at the national and state and local level. The book starts by providing students with the conceptual distinctions between what happens in an election and the campaigning that proc."

"Campaign finance reform has always been motivated by a definition of democracy that does not count corporations as citizens and holds that self-government works best by reducing political inequality. In the early years of the twentieth century, Congress recognized the strength of these principles by prohibiting corporations from making campaign contributions, passing a disclosure law, and setting limits on campaign expenditures. These reforms were not controversial at the time, but conservative opposition to them appeared in the 1970s. That opposition was well represented in the Supreme Court, which has rolled back reform by granting First Amendment rights to corporations and declaring the goal of reducing political inequality to be unconstitutional. Buying the Vote analyzes the rise and decline of campaign finance reform by tracking changes in the way presidential campaigns have been funded since the late nineteenth century, and changes in the debate over how to reform fundraising practices. A close examination of major Supreme Court decisions shows how the Court has fashioned a new and profoundly inegalitarian redefinition of American democracy"-- Provided by publisher."