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"ABSTRAKMelihat maraknya tren pemanfaatan kontainer pada arsitektur akibat penumpukan yang terjadi di pelabuhan di Indonesia. Sekarang ini mulai bermunculan pemanfaatan kontainer sebagai bangunan yang dapat dihuni oleh manusia untuk beraktivitas di dalamnya. Kontainer yang bermaterialkan baja sangat mudah menyerap panas matahari terutama untuk di iklim tropis seperti Indonesia ini. Untuk itu dalam memanfaatkan kembali kontainer bekas ini, diperlukan perlakuan khusus untuk menjaga kenyamanan bagi penghuninya. Namun, perlakuan yang diberikan harus merespon terhadap iklim di wilayah tropis agar efisien dengan penggunaan material pendukung yang seminim mungkin. Efisiensi penggunaan material pendukung ini disesuaikan dengan prinsip bangunan tropis agar dapat mengurangi penggunaan energi yang berlebih.

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ABSTRACTThe recent trend of using used containers in architecture in response to a large number of this waste in Indonesia's sea port. Nowadays, a number of establishments using used container where public can enjoy and able to do their activities are increasing. The steel base material absorbs heat from the sun quickly in Indonesia's tropical climate. Therefore, there are certain ways in applying this material in particular for people's comfort to live in. However, the applications of used containers have to consider the climate in tropical places, like in Indonesia, in order to reduce the use of other supporting materials for a structure. However, reducing the use of supporting materials should be in line with the concepts of structure in tropical climate."

"In an effort to support carbon footprint reduction in housing development, one approach is designing energy efficient housing. Issues such as cost efficiency and minimum environmental impact should be thoroughly considered when designing this type of housing. One of concepts found to be cost-effective and to increase the energy performance of a house is the near Zero Energy House (nZEH) concept. This concept enhances the use of natural resources, for example, sunlight exposure, climate conditions, and wind, that can minimize the use of fossil fuel energy. Housing in a tropical climate where sun exposure is year round, such as in Indonesia, can benefit from the nZEH concept. This research aimed to identify design parameters of nZEH and its best practices in tropical climates, including Indonesia. The identified design parameters will be used in the next step of the research, finding a combination of cost optimum design parameters. This study was conducted by consulting recognized experts, which included government, private sector, and academicia, who have expertise in the field of building design and energy. The results showed that the design parameters of nZEH in tropical areas include passive design, fenestration, indoor lighting arrangements, and the use of photovoltaic panels (PV)."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi variabel-variabel desain konsep near-zero energy housing nZEH serta penerapan terbaiknya di daerah tropis seperti Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif melalui expert judgement dari pihak pemerintah, swasta, serta akademisi yang memiliki keahlian di dalam bidang desain bangunan dan energi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel desain nZEH di daerah tropis meliputi desain pasif, fenestrasi, pengaturan pencahayaan, dan penggunaan panel photovoltaic PV. Pertimbangan lain meliputi penggunaan peralatan listrik ramah lingkungan, pemasangan sub meteran untuk air conditioner AC dan kotak kontak, penggunaan kipas angin atau AC dengan variable refrigerant flow VRF, serta pemanfaatan perangkat lunak simulasi bangunan dalam proses desain.

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This research is aimed to identify design variables of near zero energy housing nZEH and its best practices in tropical climate, including Indonesia. This study was conducted by using expert judgement, which included government, private sector, and academician who are considered to have expertise in the field of building design and energy.

The results showed that the design variables of nZEH in tropical areas include passive design, fenestration, indoor lighting arrangements, and use of photovoltaic panels PV. Other considerations include the use of environmentally friendly electrical equipment, installation of sub meter for the air conditioner AC and socket, use of fan or AC with variable refrigerant flow VRF, and use of building simulation software in the design process."