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"This book attempts to set communicable diseases and the efforts to control them in a social and historical context. The primary focus is on England with its particular history, culture and traditions. The timescale covered is extensive and ambitious, and the many strands that came together in the nineteenth century to form the English public health service are clearly highlighted. However the main emphasis of the narrative is on developments from the second world war onwards, in some of which the author has had a degree of personal involvement as a schoolchild, medical student, hospital doctor, army doctor and public health physician."

"Now in its third edition, this comprehensive volume is recognized as the most authoritative review of the epidemiology of infectious disease. Divided into five sections that cover methods in infectious disease epidemiology, airborne transmission, diarrheal diseases, blood and body fluid as a reservoir of infectious diseases, vectorborne and parasite disease. This book includes chapters on methodological issues, pathogenesis, and comprehensive reviews of virtually all known infectious diseases. New to the Third Edition: HIV chapter completely updated including results of trials of Male Circumcision, HIV-vaccines, female condoms, Microbicides and new drugs. Influenza chapter updated with new material on H1/N1 and control/prevention of Influenza during a pandemic. Malaria chapter updated with new information on bed nets, prophylactic therapy of pregnant women and other high risk populations as well as new detailed examination of the organization, implementation, and accomplishments of the WHO--Roll-Back Malaria program; and a new description of the 5th Human Malaria parasite--P.knowlesi and its Epidemiology. Hepatitis chapter is revised with new information on HEV virus. New brief chapter discussing the various models of behavioral change that are useful in Infectious Diseases research--e.g. Health Belief model etc. and much more!"

"Penyakit Tidak Menular menjadi kontributor tertinggi dalam kematian secara global. Proporsi 80% PTM hadir di negara berkembang, sehingga PTM juga menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Cakupan pelaksanaan posbindu PTM hanya mencapai 50% dan belum diketahui penyebab pasti rendahnya cakupan skrining FR PTM pada triwulan pertama tahun 2022. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kinerja Posbindu PTM dalam adaptasi kebiasaan baru di Puskesmas Kecamatan Penjaringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja dan mendapatkan informasi dari beberapa informan mengenai suatu proses dan aktivitas di Posbindu PTM. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen, dilakukan di Puskesmas Penjaringan II, Puskesmas Kamal muara, Puskesmas Kapuk Muara pada bulan Mei-Juni 2022. Informan kunci dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaksana program posbindu, informan pendukung adalah koordinator kader, PJ program PTM, kepala puskesmas kelurahan, Kasie Kesra kelurahan dan peserta posbindu. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kinerja posbindu PTM belum sesuai standar. Sumber daya manusia sudah mencukupi disetiap posbindu, masih ditemukan posbindu dengan sarana dan prasarana kurang memadai, kepemimpinan yang sudah cukup baik. Faktor individu ditemukan kemampuan dan keterampilan kader dalam melaksanakan pelayanan posbindu yang masih kurang, faktor psikologis motivasi instrinsik sebagian besar sudah baik.Upaya perbaikan dengan peningkatan jalinan dengan lintas sektor, pengadaan pelatihan kader dan pengajuan kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana.

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Non communicable disease is the highest contributor in terms of mortality globally. The proportion of 80% of PTM is present in developing countries, so that PTM is also the highest cause of death in Indonesia. The scope of the implementation of the PTM Posbindu only reached 50% and the exact cause of the low PTM FR screeningcoverage in the first quarter of 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the PTM Posbindu in adapting new habits at the Penjaringan Subdistrict Health Center. This study uses a qualitative approach, which aims to determine the performance and obtain information from several informants regarding a process and activity at Posbindu PTM. Data collection using the deep interview method, observation, and document review, was carried out at the Penjaringan II Health Center, Kamal Muara Health Center, Kapuk Muara Health Center in May-June 2022. The key informants in this study were thePosbindu program implementer, the supporting informant was the cadre coordinator, the PJ program PTM,head of village health center, Head of Sub-district Welfare Section and participants of posbindu. The results showed that the performance of PTM posbindu was not up to standard. Human resources are sufficient in each posbindu, there are still posbindu with insufficient facilities and infrastructure, the leadership is quite good. Individual factors found the ability and skills of cadres in carrying out posbindu services were still lacking, psychological factors were mostly good. Improvement efforts by increasing crosssectoral relationships, providing cadre training and submitting requests for facilities and infrastructure."

"Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular P2PTM ,merupakan salah satu Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat esensial yang dilaksanakan olehPuskesmas. Akreditasi Puskesmas adalah bentuk program menjaga mutu dan bentukstandarisasi terhadap pelayanan Puskesmas agar dapat memberikan pelayananberkualitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2018, bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh akreditasi terhadap kinerja puskesmaskhususnya pada Penyelenggaraan Program P2PTM.Hasil penelitian, secara umum Output penyelenggaraan program P2PTM pada Puskesmas terakreditasi lebih baikdibandingkan Puskesmas belum terakreditasi. Kegiatan kemitraan dan dana ygbersumber dari masyarakat belum berjalan, Skrining Iva test dan CBE dan skrining DMmasih sekitar 5 , hal ini menunjukkan kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat dan kurangefektifnya pemberdayaan masyarakat. Komponen Input SDM, dana, sarana danpetunjuk Pelaksanaan belum memadai. Komponen Proses perencanaan P1 ,Pengorganisasian dan penggerakkan P2 pada Puskesmas terakreditasi lebih baikdibandingkan Puskesmas belum terakreditasi, P3 sudah berjalan walaupun belumoptimal di beberapa Puskesmas. Perlu meningkatkan kerjasama lintas sektor dan upayapemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mendukung Program P2PTM. Perlu mendorongPuskesmas untuk meningkatkan pennerapan Manajemen Puskesmas dan melakukanContiniously Quality Improvement untuk mencapai peningkatan kualitas sebagai tujuanutama Akreditasi Puskesmas.

he Non Communicable Disease NCD`s Prevention and Control Program is one ofthe essential Community Health Efforts implemented by the Puskesmas. Puskesmasaccreditation is a form of program to maintain the quality and form of standardizationto Puskesmas services in order to provide quality services. This research usesqualitative method, conducted in April May 2018, aim to see improvement ofperformance at puskesmas especially at NCD`s Prevention and Control Program.

Result of research, in general Output of program of implementation of NCD`s atPuskesmas accredited better than Puskesmas not yet accredited. Community basedpartnership and funding activities have not been implemented, Iva test and CBEscreening and DM screening are still around 5, indicating the community and thelack of effective community empowerment. Input components of human resources, facilities, funds, screening instruction implementation are not adequated. Componentsof Planning Process P1, Organizing and Moving P2 at Accredited Puskesmas betterthan Puskesmas not yet accredited, P3 has been run even though not optimal in somePuskesmas. Need to improve community empowerment to support NCD`s Preventionand Control Program. It is necessary to encourage the Puskesmas to improve theimplementation of Puskesmas Management and conduct Continuous Improvement ofQuality to achieve quality improvement as the main basis of Puskesmas Accreditation."