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"The Objectives of this study were to determine cadmium and lead concentration in the breas milk of healthy lactating women who were living in Zarrinshar, an industrial area of Iran and to investigate the effect of mother's age, parity and smoking habits in families living in the vacinity of areas contaminated with heavy metals."

"ABSTRACTProduksi susu cair memiliki banyak cacat yang mengakibatkan hilangnya kesempatan untuk mendapat keuntungan yang bisa diperoleh jika kualitas produk sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditentukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kualitas produk susu. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas (whats dan bagaimana persyaratan teknis untuk mencapai faktor-faktor tersebut (hows). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) digunakan untuk mengetahui risiko potensi kegagalan dari faktor yang mendapat bobot tinggi pada tahap QFD. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa kebersihan pekerja/operator, alat produksi, dan proses produksi merupakan faktor dengan kepentingan tertinggi dalam mempengaruhi kualitas produk pada industri pengolahan susu. Hasil pengolahan data juga menunjukkan bahwa proses filling dan proses sterilisasi memiliki risiko tertinggi dalam menimbulkan defect dengan Risk Priority Number (RPN) di atas 100. Penyok (body) mendapat RPN sebesar 240, chaneling mendapat RPN sebesar 140, penyok (miring) mendapat RPN sebesar 128, dan scratch mendapat RPN sebesar 120.

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ABSTRACTThe production of liquid milk has many defects which results in the loss of the opportunity to gain benefits that can be obtained if the quality of the product complies with the prescribed standards. This study aims to determine what factors influence the quality of dairy products. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is used to find out what factors influence quality (whats) and how to achieve these factors (hows). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is used to determine the risk of potential failure of factors that achieve high credence at the QFD stage. The results of the data processing show that the sanitation of workers / operators, production equipment, and production processes has the highest importance in influencing product quality in the milk processing industry. The results of the data processing also show that the filling and sterilization process have the highest risk of causing defects with Risk Priority Number (RPN) above 100. Dented (body) receives an RPN of 240, chaneling receives an RPN of 140, dented (skewed) receives an RPN of 128, and scratch receives an RPN of 120."

"Contents : Establishing the need : why human milk is important to a nation’s public health -- Implementing NICU breastfeeding support: policies and procedures: step 1 -- Step 2 : staff training for improved skills and competency in assisting breastfeeding mothers -- Step 3 : informing mothers of preterm infants about the need for their milk -- Step 4 : helping preterm mothers mother through increased mother-infant contact -- Step 5 : establishing and maintaining a milk supply for the NICU infant -- Step 6 : give preterm and/or compromised infants only human milk unless medically contraindicated -- Step 7 : implementing kangaroo mother care and skin-to-skin contact in the NICU as routine care -- Step 8 : transitioning the baby to full breastfeeding -- Sept 9 : addressing issues of conflict of interest -- Step 10 : the role of the NICU in providing breastfeeding support -- Use of banked donor human milk as an alternative to formula -- U.S. milk banking : a century of safety -- International practices and policies in donor human milk banking -- The ten steps for a baby-friendly milk bank -- The ethics of human milk use in the NICU."

"Kegagalan ASI yang sering ditemukan antara lain karena ibu menjalani seksio sesarea, oleh karena itu maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan produksi ASI pada ibu pasca seksio sesarea. Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Tehnik pengambilan sampel non-probability sampling yaitu consecutive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 112. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik responden yaitu umur, paritas, tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan produksi ASI. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan produksi ASI adalah nyeri, asupan cairan, kecemasan, motivasi, dukungan suami dan atau keluarga dan informasi tentang ASI. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukan bahwa faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap produksi ASI adalah motivasi (OR= 21,737).

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Failure which is often found in breast feeding, because the mother underwent cesarean section, therefore the objective of this research was to identify factors related to milk production of post cesarean section women. This research method was analytical descriptive with cross-sectional approach using consecutive sampling involving 112 samples.

The research result showed that there was no correlation between respondences? characteristics (age, parities, education level, and occupation) and milk production. Factors that related to milk production are pain, fluid intake, anxiety, motivation, husband or family support, and information about lactation. Further analysis showed that the most influential factor to milk production was motivation (OR= 21,737)."

"Dalam situasi yang semakin kompleks, kemajuan teknologi yang makin cepat dimana kondisi juga selalu berubah, dibutuhkan metode-metode baru untuk menjaga perusahaan tetap berada di depan pesaing-pesaingnya.  Salah satu strategi yang paling umum dan semakin banyak digunakan perusahaan adalah dengan menerapkan sistem outsourcing. Dalam arti harafiah, outsourcing merupakan pemanfaatan sumber daya eksternal. Hal ini terjadi ketika eksekusi tugas, fungsi dan proses yang biasanya dilakukan oleh perusahaan itu sendiri dialihkan ke pihak eksternal perusahaan. Outsourcing membantu perusahaan berkonsentrasi pada tugas dan tujuan strategisnya. Meningkatnya penerapan sistem outsourcing dalam pelaksanaan produksi memyebabkan semakin pentingnya penerapan strategi dan pengambilan keputusan yang tepat dan efektif terhadap perusahaan-perusahaan outsource tersebut. Salah satu hal yang penting adalah melakukan optimasi produksi dan pola distribusi terhadap perusahaan-perusahaan outsource yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan perusahaan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan produksi dan pola distribusi adalah Mixed Integer Linier Programming. Dengan menggunakan metode ini perusahaan dapat membuat keputusan dalam menentukan alokasi produksi, baik di internal perusahaan maupun di perusahaan outsource serta mempunyai alternatif pola distribusi yang lebih optimal.

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In the more complex situation, advanced progress in technology and where the condition always changing, it takes new methods to keep company stay front of the competitors. One of the most common strategy and increasingly being used by companies is applying outsourcing system. Literally, outsourcing is the utilization of external resources. This happened when the execution, function and process that usually accomplished by the company itself was diverted to the external resources. The outsourcing system help the company to concentrate on its strategic tasks and objectives. The increasing application of outsourcing system in the production systems led to the growing importance of the appropriate and effective strategy implementation and decision makings for the outsource companies. One important thing is to do the optimization of production and distribution of the outsourcing companies that are adjusted to the needs of the companies. One of the method used to optimize production and distribution is Mixed Integer Linier Programming. By using the method, the company could make decision determining allocation of production, both in internal company and in the outsourcing companies, and have the alternative of a more optimal distribution patterns."