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"Issues about education have often become thorny issues in the society, especially among educators. Many have criticized that education in Indonesia is getting worse and worse even though changes have been carried out in many aspects. This paper aims to provide a case faced by a core teacher in a teacher-training center in Ngawi, East Java in carrying out the duty. The writer aims to share the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies she adopted in running English teachers' professional development program, ranging from Information transmission, experimental learning, to self-directed learning. Several concepts and relations among Changes, Motivation and Learning Patterns in Professional development will also be some significant discussions followed by some proposed development."

"Open and Distance Learning (ODL) nowadays becomes a trend in higher education. Course delivery and course material distribution have already been in electronic form by using information and communication technology (ICT). This technology becomes cheaper and much easier to be used. Indonesia as a nation where its people spread in thousands of islands does not always have face-to-face university in each city. Meanwhile, the need of skilled worker is always increased. ODL then becomes an alternative to educate people by using different way of teaching and learning process. People who have difficulties in accessing face-to-face university can use ODL as an alternative to upgrade their education. The role of ICT in ODL become important since the students can learn by using ICT. The students cal also “meet” their colleagues virtually. Meanwhile, it was explored that ICT can be utilized for online examination. Online examination is more efficient, much faster in processing the examination result, and much cheaper in budget. This article discusses many aspects of strength and weakness which is faced by educational institutions in administering online examinations."

"This study aims to identify problems facing by participants in experiencing teaching practice under The Strengthening Teaching Competency Programme. An evaluation method was employed through problem and issues maping, interpreting problem dynamics, and improving actions. A qualitative-naturalistic approach with interview was conducted during April-july 2009 to participants of Lower Secondary School Teacher Training who live in remote and rural areas in Bandung, Bogor, and Serang region. Interview was also conducted to tutors, supervisors, programme manager, remote-school principals, peer teachers and students involved in the teaching practicum/exercise. Observations and documentary study were employed to support the data of the interview. Problems identified as the low performance of supervisory officials and partnership schools in guiding student teachers in developing didastic materials for both practicum and final exam. Most participants become stressed due to the absence of a definite timetable guidance process both in the process of lesson plan development, implementation of practicum and execution of final exams. It was suggested to redesign the current system with a more reliable system for participants coming from remote areas who wish to carry out teaching practice."

"Pada lima tahun terakhir, berkembangnya teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, yang kemudian diserap dalam bentuk digitalisasi pendidikan, mengakibatkan maraknya aplikasi belajar online yang diluncurkan oleh start-up. Beberapa studi melihat bahwa terdapat dampak positif dari fitur aplikasi belajar online karena membantu proses pembelajaran siswa, seperti penggunaan animasi yang membantu kemampuan visual siswa, dan mengatur materi dan proses belajar dengan lebih efisien. Penulis setuju dengan studi-studi tersebut, namun studi-studi tersebut belum melihat bahwa aplikasi belajar online tidak hanya menawarkan manfaat positif saja, melainkan terdapat pula potensi bahwa aplikasi belajar online merupakan bentuk dari komodifikasi pendidikan. Komodifikasi pendidikan adalah proses perubahan pendidikan menjadi komoditas yang awalnya hanya memiliki nilai guna kemudian menjadi nilai tukar. Hasil penelitian ini adalah aplikasi belajar online Ruangguru merupakan bentuk dari komodifikasi pendidikan. Argumentasinya adalah penyedia layanan aplikasi belajar online Ruangguru berfokus pada tujuan bisnis; kemudian tujuan siswa menggunakan aplikasi belajar online adalah untuk lolos Perguruan Tinggi Negeri; lalu materi-materi yang disediakan di aplikasi belajar online dibuat menyesuaikan tujuan tersebut; kemudian ketimpangan akses terhadap aplikasi belajar online; selanjutnya siswa menjadi kehilangan pembelajaran kritis; lalu hubungan siswa dan guru menjadi fungsional; dan terakhir tidak ada kedekatan, kolaborasi, dan kerja sama antar pengguna Ruangguru. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui studi pustaka, dan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah Siswa SMA di pulau Jawa.

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In the last five years, the development of information and communication technology, which is then absorbed in the form of digitalization of education, has resulted in the proliferation of online learning applications launched by start-ups. Several studies have seen that there is a positive impact of online learning application features because it helps students' learning processes, such as the use of animations that help students' visual abilities, and organize materials and learning processes more efficiently. The author agrees with these studies, but these studies have not seen that online learning applications not only offer positive benefits but there is also the potential that online learning applications are a form of commodification of education. The commodification of education is the process of changing education into a commodity that initially only has a use-value and then becomes an exchange value. The results of this study are the Ruangguru online learning application is a form of commodification of education. The argument is that Ruangguru's online learning application service provider focuses on business goals; then the purpose of students using online learning applications is to pass State Universities; then the materials provided in the online learning application are made according to these objectives; then inequality of access to online learning applications; then students become deprived of critical learning; then the student-teacher relationship becomes functional; and lastly, there is no closeness, collaboration, and cooperation between Ruangguru users. The data in this study were obtained through a literature study and in-depth interviews with several high school students on the island of Java."

"This research is conducted with the intentions to determine any differences in academic achievement between students with two kinds of educational background, i.e. those coming from the natural sciences department (IPA) and from the social sciences (IPS). The results of this study revealed that there are significant differences in the achievement of the two groups of students. From the semester I to the semester IV students with natural sciences (IPA) as educational background is superior compared to students coming from the social sciences department. This is due to the identical elements existing in the educational background and that in FK. But since the 5th semester there are no significant differences obtained in academic achievement between the two groups of students. This indicates that accomodation and adaptation happened in the last semesters. "