Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKForeign Direct Investment FDI sebagai sebuah aktivitas investasi asing di mana terdapat pihak pada satu negara yang berperan sebagai investor ke pihak atau negara tujuan yang menjadi target investasi. Asumsi umum yang terbangun tentang FDI adalah negara ndash; negara maju sebagai sumber investasi ke negara ndash; negara berkembang, namun semenjak tahun 1980 tren negara ndash; negara berkembang sebagai sumber investasi mulai terlihat. Pada akhir tahun 2015, Asia Tenggara dan ASEAN mencatatkan pertumbuhan investasi ke luar sebesar 77 dan 103 . Fenomena ini mengungkapkan bahwa negara ndash; negara Asia Tenggara sudah memiliki kemampuan investasi asing yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto, Tabungan Negara, Cadangan Devisa, Ekspor, FDI Inflows, Inflasi, dan Nilai Tukar terhadap tingkat Foreign Direct Investment Outflows sembilan negara Asia Tenggara Periode 2006 ndash; 2015. Total sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak sembilan negara Asia Tenggara yaitu Brunei Darussalam, Filipina, Indonesia, Kamboja, Laos, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Model penelitian adalah data panel dengan metode uji efek tetap, uji stasioneritas data, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa variabel Produk Domestik Bruto, Tabungan Negara, Cadangan Devisa, dan FDI Inflows memiliki pengaruh positif, sedangkan Ekspor, Inflasi, dan Nilai Tukar memiliki pengaruh negatif.

---

ABSTRACT

Foreign Direct Investment is an investing activity where there are parties from home country that act as an investor to a targeted countries as a host country. General assumption that holds up FDI is those developed countries will always act as a source of investment to developing countries. Nevertheless, developing countries are showing an increasing trend of investing abroad since 1980s. By the end of 2015, Southeast Asia and ASEAN countries jotted down 77 and 103 of investment growth. This phenomenon showed that Southeast Asia countries are capable to act as source of investment to other countries. This study examines the impact of Gross Domestic Product, Saving, Reserve, Export, Foreign Direct Investment Inflows, Inflation, and Exchange Rate on Foreign Direct Investment Outflows in nine Southeast Asia SEA countries for period year 2006 ndash 2015. The countries used as sample are Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The model used here is panel data with fixed effect method, stationarity test, classical assumptions test, and hypothesis test. The result showed that Gross Domestic Product, Saving, Reserve, and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows showed positive impact yet export, inflation, and exchange rate showed negative impact."

"Penelitian ini menganalisa hubungan antara penanaman modal asing dan regulasi bisnis. Penanaman modal asing yang masuk ke ketiga Negara, Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Philipina akan diukur dengan menggunakan indikator regulasi bisnis yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Dunia. Indikator regulasi bisnis yang dianalisa adalah memulai bisnis (jumlah prosedur, waktu, biaya, modal minimal), merekrut dan memecat tenaga kerja (indeks tingkat kesulitan untuk merekrut, indeks keterbatasan jam kerja, indeks tingkat kesulitan untuk memecat, biaya PHK), mendapatkan kredit (indeks kepastian hukum, indeks informasi kredit), penyelesaian perselisihan kontrak (jumlah prosedur, waktu, biaya) dan menutup bisnis (waktu, biaya, tingkat pengembalian modal). Dengan menggunakan model regresi linear kelima variable independent dianalisa dalam hubungannya dengan variable penanaman modal langsung.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beragamnya jumlah modal asing yang masuk ke tiga negara, variasi jumlah penanaman modal asing dapat dijelaskan dalam beragam tingkatan oleh indicator regulasi bisnis pada masing-masing negara penerima baik secara tezpisah maupun bersama-sama. Arah hubungan antam setiap indikator regulasi bisnis terhadap penanaman modal asing bervariasi pada setiap negara. Pada beberapa kasus, hasil yang kontradiksi pada indikator yang sama pada studi muncul, dan pada indikator lainnya menunjukkan hasil yang mendukung. Ketiga negara penerima modal asing tersebut memiliki regulasi yang berbeda terhadap penanaman modal asing sesuai perekonomian dan faktor lainnya. Karenanya mereka membangun regulasi bisnis yang hanya dapat diterapkan pada negara mereka sendiri. Untuk studi lebih lanjut terhadap penanaman modal asing dan falctor apa yang dapat mempengaruhi pergerakannya, akan lebih baik jika penelitian melibatkan perusahaan multinasional dan faktor lokasi dan lebih memperhatikan UKM, karena mereka sekarang memegang peranan penting dalam membangun perekonomian negara-negara berkembang.

---

This research investigates the association of Foreign Direct Investment and business regulation. Foreign Direct Investment inflow in each of three countries,Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines will be measure by using business regulation indicators built by World Bank. The business regulations indicators being analyzed are: starting a business (number of procedures, time, cost, nlinimum capital), hiring and tiring workers (difficulty of hiring index, rigidity of hours index, difficulty of tiring index, Bring costs), getting credit ( legal rights index, credit information index), enforcing contracts (number of procedures, time, cost) and closing a business (time, Cost, recovery rate). Using the linear regression model the five independent variables were analyzed of their association with foreign direct investment variable.

Findings of this study show that in the case of foreign direct investment flow to the three host countries, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines, the variance of amount of foreign direct investment can be explained in various degrees by host country business regulation indicators independently or jointly. The direction of the relationship between each business regulation indicators to the foreign direct investment varies hom country to country. In some areas, contradicting results compared to the studies investigating the same issue appears and in some area they show a supporting result. Those three host countries have different regulation toward foreign direct investment according to their economic conditions and other important factors. Therefore they build their own business regulations, which may only be applied in their own territory.

For future studies on foreign direct investment and what factors that could influence the movement, it would be likely more reliable if the research includes multinational companies and location factors and gives more attention to small and medium enterprises, as they are now play an important role in boosting many developing countries economic."

"Skripsi ini meneliti hubungan antara kualitas institusi dengan stok FDI yang masuk di ASEAN menggunakan dua jenis analisis, yaitu analisis jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Metode System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) dengan data tahun 2012-2019 digunakan dalam analisis jangka pendek, sedangkan metode Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel ARDL) dengan data tahun 1996-2019 digunakan untuk analisis jangka panjang. Kontribusi literatur dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan analisis jangka panjang antarvariabel yang diteliti. Selain itu, dalam penelitian ini data FDI yang digunakan adalah FDI dalam bentuk stok di ASEAN, sehingga lebih akurat menggambarkan kondisi sebenarnya. Terdapat dua model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Model pertama menggunakan variabel kualitas institusi yang merupakan rata-rata dari tiga indikator institusi yaitu efektivitas pemerintah, stabilitas politik, dan pengendalian korupsi. Sedangkan dalam model kedua, kualitas institusi dibagi menjadi tiga variabel terpisah yaitu efektivitas pemerintah, stabilitas politik, dan pengendalian korupsi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di jangka pendek, kualitas institusi secara keseluruhan terbukti signifikan mempengaruhi stok FDI di ASEAN. Sedangkan berdasarkan model kedua yang membagi kualitas institusi menjadi tiga indikator, hanya indikator efektivitas pemerintah yang signifikan mempengaruhi FDI. Sedangkan tingkat pengendalian korupsi dan stabilitas politik tidak signifikan mempengaruhi FDI. Adapun di jangka panjang, kualitas institusi tidak lagi signifikan mempengaruhi FDI.

---

The focus of this study is the relationship between institutional quality and inward FDI stocks in ASEAN using two types of analysis, namely short-term and long-term analysis. The GMM System method with 2012-2019 data is used for short-term analysis, while the ARDL Panel method with 1996-2019 data is used for long-term analysis. The literature contribution offered from this study is the application of long-term analysis between the variables studied, considering that previous studies only included short-term analysis. In addition, in this study the FDI data used is FDI in the form of stocks, so that it more accurately describes the actual conditions. There are two models used in this study. The first model uses the variable quality of institutions which is the average of three institutional indicators, namely government effectiveness, political stability, and corruption control. Whereas in the second model, the quality of institutions is divided into three separate variables, namely government effectiveness, political stability, and corruption control. The results show that in the short term, the overall quality of institutions has been shown to significantly influence FDI stocks in ASEAN. Meanwhile, based on the second model which divides the quality of institutions into three indicators, only government effectiveness indicators significantly affect FDI. The level of corruption control and political stability did not significantly affect FDI. In the long term, the quality of institutions will no longer significantly affect FDI."

"Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) sebagai sumber pembiayaan pembangunan ekonomi saat ini menjadi sebuah trend. Sebagian besar Negara-negara berkembang berkompetisi menarik FDI karena diyakini bahwa FDI, sebagai investasi di sektor rill melalui pembangunan pabrik, industri, dan lain-Iain, bisa memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap FDI ialah faktor makroekonomi. Penelitian Kokko dan Blomstrom (1997) menunjukkan FDI bisa berpengaruh positif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu Negara bila tercipta stabilitas makroekonomi di Negara tersebut.Penelitian bertujuan untuk melsbat apakah variabel-variabel makroekonomi masih bisa dijadikan ukuran Mau patokan bagi perkembangan tingkat investasi di Indonesia. Variabel-variabel makroekonomi yang diajukan di dalam penelitian ini ialah suku bunga SBI, kurs rupiah terhadap dolar AS dan variabel investasi periode sebelumnya (FDIL_i). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap sebelas sektor industri di Indonesia kurun waktu 2001-2003. Sektor industri tersebut dipilih berdasarkan International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) revisi ketiga yang telah disesuaikan dengan Klasifikasi Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KLUI).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel makroekonomi berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap tingkat FDI di 3 sektor industri yaitu: Industri Kutit, Industri Kayu dan Industri Kertas. Variabel suku bunga berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap tingkat FDI industri kayo dan industri kertas. Sementara itu, variabel kurs berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap tingkat FDI industri kertas. Variabel FDI berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap tingkat FDI industri kertas. Variabel-variabeI makroekonomi yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini tidak berpengaruh baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap delapan sektor industri lainnya.

---

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as one of financing source for economic development being a trend within developing countries. Most of developing countries involve in competition to attract FDI because they believe that FDI can provide significance contribution to economic growth in their respective countries. One of the factor which can influence the rate of FDI is macroeconomic factor. Research by Blomstrom and Kokko (1997) indicated that FDI can provide positive influence for country's economic growth if macroeconomic stability created in the country.This research has main objective to observe the determinants of macroeconomics variable for measure the rate of foreign direct investment in Indonesia Variables which are using in this research comprises of interest rate, foreign exchange (Indonesia Currency To US Dollar) and previous investment. Research based on the eleven industrial sector in Indonesia for period 2001 up to 2003. That industrial sector taken from the International Standard Industry Classification 3'i revise.Result of this research shows that interest rate has influence significantly (partial) within Wood and Paper Industry. Besides Interest Rate, the Exchange Rate as well as Previous Investment has also influence in Paper Industry. Macroeconomic Variables in this research has influence simultaneously within Leather Industry, Wood Industry and Paper Industry but Macroeconomic variables did not influence other eight industrial sector (both partial and simultaneous)."

"Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai analisis faktor penentu investasi asing langsung di Indonesia. Menggunakan total sampel dari Produk Domestik Bruto, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah, Eksport dan Stabilitas Politik di Indonesia selama periode tahun 2005-2010. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode uji akar unit, uji Philips-Perron (PP), uji kausalitas Engle-Granger dan perhitungan kuadrat terkecil. Hipotesis yang diuji adalah apakah faktor penentu investasi asing langsung di Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah semua variabel (Produk Domestik Bruto, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah, Eksport dan Stabilitas Politik) yang diuji menunjukkan hasil yang negatif sebagai faktor penentu FDI di Indonesia.

---

This study examines the analysis of the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia. Using a Total sample of the Gross Domestic Product, Growth, Wages, Export and Political Stability in Indonesia during the period 2005-2010. The method used in this study is the unit roots test, the Philips-Perron test, Engle-Granger causality test and Ordinary Least Square. Hypotheses to be tested is whether the determinants of foreign direct investment in Indonesia. The results obtained are all the variables (Gross Domestic Product, Growth, Wages,Export and Political Stability) tested showed negative results as the determinants of foreign direct investment in Indonesia."

"Due to the lack of internal finance, a country might need a foreign investment. It also happens to Indonesia that is not recovery from its economic problems up to now. One of the solutions to this condition is by giving Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). By FDI it is hoped that it can employ a lot of people, and it can reduce the unemployment rate in this country, as a result it can increase the welfare of society.This study will focus on the relation between the given PPh incentives and Japanese Investor behavior in investing its fund, elaborate and analyze Japanese Investor to tax incentives given, and research, formulate and make the analysis on which tax incentive is the best way in inviting Japanese direct investor.This thesis is analytical descriptive which uses qualitative method by scrutinizing data in the form of information, theory from library research, then by analyzing the data to solve the formed case, so that conclusion can be drawn and suggestions and understanding to the influence in giving incentive to foreign direct investment can be given.The references theory in this research is one instrument to invite Japanese direct investment by giving tax incentive. However, tax administration is the key on the success of tax policy.It can be concluded that PPh facility given to tax payers in Indonesia who invest in certain business and area is quite good, in the result of the decrease of netto 30% (thirty percent) as the highest, quicken reduction and amortization, longer loss compensation and given PPh to the dividend as in Article 26 to 10% (ten percent), except if the valid tariff to the tax agreement is lower. Japanese Investors accept this facility positively, but they say it is more interesting if those tax facilities are followed by administration tax which gives law assurance.Tax incentive given by tax law is quite interesting for the Japanese investors to invest in Indonesia, but the regulations do not give the law assurance, they who have the license hope that they will be given the tax incentive as stated in the law, furthermore, it is suggested that the government not only faces on tax incentive to invite foreign direct investment but also is concern on the law assurance, security, eliminating high economy cost and improving infrastructure. Arranged and good tax administration will give law assurance and security to the investors. Furthermore, the license to foreign investors and the given PPh facilities are managed by one institution under one roof."