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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang upaya representasi self appointed yang dilakukan oleh kelompok lesbian, gay, biseksual, transgender/transeksual, dan interseks (LGBTI) sebagai komisioner Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM) Periode 2012-2017. Dengan metode kualitatif dan jenis penelitian eksplanatif, penelitian ini menggambarkan upaya reprentasi self appointed kelompok LGBTI sebagai komisioner Komnas HAM. Mami Yuli dan Dede Oetomo adalah wakil dari kelompok LGBTI yang maju sebagai calon komisioner Komnas HAM. Melalui analisis menggunakan teori representasi self appointed, the politics of presence, subaltern counterpublics, dan gerakan sosial baru, hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa adanya hambatan eksternal dan internal dari perjuangan representasi self appointed Mami Yuli dan Dede Oetomo. Hambatan eksternal dipahami berasal dari masyarakat dan DPR, sedangkan hambatan internal berasal dari gerakan LGBTI. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa upaya representasi self appointed kelompok LGBTI belum berhasil sebagai komisioner Komnas HAM. Hal ini dapat dipahami bahwa LGBTI belum mendapatkan pengakuan dari masyarakat dan negara.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis describe about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transexual,and intersex (LGBTI) group in their self appointed representation effort as commisioner(s) in The National Commision of Human Rights (Komnas HAM) on 2012-2017 period. Using qualitative method and explanative type of research, this study describe self appointed representation effort of LGBTI group to become commisioner(s) in Komnas HAM. Mami Yuli and Dede Oetomo are the candidates that represent the LGBTI group itself. Through analysis using theories of selfappointed representation,the politics of presence, subaltern counterpublics, and the new social movements, this study findings show several obstacles, both external and internal, on Mami Yuli and Dede Utomo's struggle on doing their self appointed representation effort. The external obstacles have been realized come from the society and the council, while the internal obstacles come from LGBTI movements. In summary, this study shows that self appointed representation effort on LGBTI group has not earned a success as commisioner(s) in Komnas HAM. It could be understood that LGBTI has not gained any recognition from the society and the government."

"Human rights offer a vision of international justice that today’s idealistic millions hold dear. Yet the very concept on which the movement is based became familiar only a few decades ago when it profoundly reshaped our hopes for an improved humanity. Here, historian Samuel Moyn elevates that transformation to center stage and asks what it reveals about the ideal’s troubled present and uncertain future. It was on the ruins of earlier political utopias, Moyn argues, that human rights achieved contemporary prominence. The morality of individual rights substituted for the soiled political dreams of revolutionary communism and nationalism as international law became an alternative to popular struggle and bloody violence. But as the ideal of human rights enters into rival political agendas, it requires more vigilance and scrutiny than when it became the watchword of our hopes.--From publisher description"

"This research explains the definition of jurisdiction, development of the extraterritorial jurisdiction and its regulation in international law which includes its principle and also boundaries. This research then analyzes cases before Al- Skeini and others v. UK case regarding the application of jurisdiciton mentioned in Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) by European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Furthermore, this research analyzes the applications of Article 1 ECHR in United Kingdom?s House of Lords decision and ECtHR decision in Al-Skeini. In its decision ECtHR stated that the existance of Public Power in Al-Skeini causes an extraterritorial jurisdiction in that case. The judgement cater to the human rights protection but on the other hand it still leaves a confusion in determining the requirement of extraterritorial jurisdiction in the ECHR.

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Skripsi ini pertama menjelaskan pengertian yurisdiksi serta penjelasan perkembangan dan pengaturan yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial dalam hukum internasional yang mencakup prinsip-prinsip munculnya yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial juga batasan terhadapnya. Skripsi ini kemudian menganalisa kasus-kasus sebelum kasus Al-Skeini and others v. UK berkaitan dengan penerapan yurisdiksi yang dimaksud di dalam Pasal 1 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) oleh European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Skripsi ini selanjutnya menganilisa penerapan Pasal 1 ECHR dalam putusan House of Lords Inggris serta putusan ECtHR dalam kasus Al-Skeini. Putusan ECtHR menyatakan keberadaan Public Power dalam kasus Al-Sekini menimbulkan yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial atas kasus tersebut. Putusan tersebut berpihak kepada perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia tetapi di lain sisi tetap meninggalkan kebingungan mengenai syarat jelas timbulnya yurisdiksi ekstrateritorialitas dalam ECHR."

"ABSTRAKPerumusan Hak atas Privasi dalam Universal Declaration of Human Rights pada Pasal 12 dan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights pada Pasal 17, serta pengaturannya dalam instrumen-instrumen HAM internasional regional, telah membuktikan bahwa ia adalah bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia yang diakui secara internasional. Dalam penegakannya, hak atas privasi ini kerap berhadapan dengan praktik surveillance, khususnya surveillance terhadap komunikasi. Praktik surveillance ini adalah tindakan yang dilarang dan berpotensi melanggar hak atas privasi seseorang. Namun demikian aparat penegak hukum di mana pun di dunia ini kerap melakukannya dengan pertimbangan adanya kebutuhan untuk penegakan hukum.

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ABSTRAKThe formulation of the right to privacy in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Article 12 and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in Article 17, and its arrangements in regional international human rights instruments, have proven the right as part of a unified human rights. In its enforcement, the right to privacy is often deal with surveillance practices, particularly communications surveillance. This surveillance practice is prohibited and potentially violate a person 39 s right to privacy. However, law enforcement officers over the world keep the practice with consideration of the need for law enforcement."

"Promosi hak asasi manusia dan demokrasi menjadi tema utama dalam kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat (AS) sampai hari ini. Promosi hak asasi manusia dan demokrasi sebagai nilai-nilai ideal politik AS menuai persoalan ketika harus berbenturan dengan kepentingan ekonomi dan keamanan. Akibatnya, persoalan hak asasi manusia dan demokrasi kerap diabaikan. Pada masa Perang Dingin persoalan ini terjadi ketika AS mendukung sejumlah diktator sayap kanan di beberapa negara. Di Chile, AS mendukung pemerintahan Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) yang menjalankan pemerintahan dengan otoriter yang kerap melakukan pelanggaran HAM dan anti demokrasi. Persoalan ini tentu memunculkan beberapa pertanyaan di antaranya; Apa sebenarnya yang melandasi AS mendukung rezim Pinochet? Mengapa AS rela 'mengorbankan' politik idealnya? Dan apa sejatinya makna HAM dan demokrasi bagi politik luar negeri AS pada masa Perang Dingin? Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menganilisis data terutama dari dokumen-dokumen yang sudah dirilis Departemen Luar Negeri AS, bukubuku, jurnal dan sejumlah artikel di website, penelitian ini ingin menjawab berbagai pertanyaan di atas. Tesis penelitian ini adalah sebuah konsep yang penulis sebut sebagai 'capital securitizing'. Konsep capital securitizing merupakan definisi operasional yang ingin menjelaskan bagaimana cara kerja dari proses pembuatan kebijakan luar negeri AS yang tidak sejalan dengan nilai-nilai ideal politiknya.

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Promotion of human rights and democracy become the main theme in U.S. foreign policy until today. Promotion of human rights and democracy as U.S. political values acquire issue when it collides with economic and security interests. As the result, the issue of human rights and democracy are often ignored.

During the Cold War, this problem occurred when U.S. supported a number of right-wing dictators in some countries. In Chile, U.S. supported the regime of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) who run the government authoritatively which often committed violation against human right and democracy.

This issue certainly brings out some questions, including: What is the basis of U.S. support the regime of Pinochet? Why is U.S. willing to 'sacrifice' its political ideal? And what is the true meaning of human rights and democracy for U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War?

By using a qualitative approach to analyze the data primarily from some documents that already released by U.S. State Department, books, journals, and some website articles, this study wants to answer those questions above.

This thesis is a concept which the author called as 'capital securitizing' The concept of 'capital securitizing' is an operational definition which attempts to explain the workings of the process of making U.S. foreign policy which is inconsistent with the values of its political ideal."