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"Salah satu perkembangan yang memanfaatkan internet dan fiber optik adalah FTTH (Fiber to The Home). FTTH merupakan teknologi jaringan dari kantor pusat menuju ke kawasan pengguna dengan menggunakan kabel fiber optik. Daerah urban menjadi kawasan strategis untuk menggelar jaringan FTTH. Pada tahun 2022, Indonesia memiliki rata-rata kecepatan data 16,52 Mbps. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk, maka dibutuhkan bandwidth yang lebih besar. Maka dari itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk merancang teknologi FTTH berbasis XGS-PON (10 Gigabit Symetrical – Passive Optical Network). Penelitian ini juga akan merancang 2 rangkaian teknologi XGS-PON, yaitu unidirectional dan bidirectional. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja yang paling baik untuk teknologi XGS-PON. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan panjang kabel fiber pada rangkaian XGS-PON dengan menggunakan splitter 1:256. 1:128. 1:64. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa daya transmisi serta rasio splitter berpengaruh terhadap nilai BER yang dihasilkan, daya yang didapatkan, dan kelas atenuasi. Selanjutnya, didapatkan hasil bahwa baik rangkaian unidirectional maupun bidirectional memiliki kinerja yang layak pada panjang kabel fiber yang ditentukan pada standar ITU-T G.9807.1. Berdasarkan BER yang didapatkan pada rangkaian unidirectional dan bidirectional, dapat dilihat bahwa teknologi XGS-PON memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik pada rangkaian bidirectional.

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One development that utilizes the internet and fiber optics is FTTH (Fiber to The Home). FTTH is a network technology from the head office to the user area using a fiber optic cable. Urban areas are strategic areas for deploying FTTH networks. In 2022, Indonesia has an average data rate of 16,52 Mbps. With an increasing population, greater bandwidth is needed. Therefore, research was conducted to design XGS-PON (10 Gigabit Symmetrical – Passive Optical Network) based FTTH technology. This research will also design 2 sets of XGS-PON technologies, namely unidirectional and bidirectional. This is done to find out the best performance for XGS-PON technology. The research was carried out by varying the length of the fiber cable in the XGS-PON circuit using a 1:256 splitter. 1:128. 1:64. Based on the research results, it can be seen that the transmission power and splitter ratio affect the resulting BER value, the power obtained, and the attenuation class. Furthermore, the results show that both unidirectional and bidirectional circuits have decent performance at fiber cable lengths specified in the ITU-T G.9807.1 standard. Based on the BER obtained on unidirectional and bidirectional circuits, it can be seen that XGS-PON technology has better performance on bidirectional circuits."

"Seiring dengan terus berkembangnya teknologi telekomunikasi, dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat dampak signifikan dari penggunaan teknologi telekomunikasi di kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari, dimana salah satu fungsi pentingnya adalah agar masyarakat dapat berkomunikasi satu dengan yang lainnya walaupun dalam keadaan jarak jauh. Sehingga, dibutuhkan infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang memadai, salah satunya adalah Base Transceiver Station (BTS) yang berfungsi untuk mengirim dan menerima sinyal radio menuju perangkat telekomunikasi lainnya, seperti contohnya dalam telekomunikasi seluler. Saat ini, Indonesia telah menerapkan teknologi 3G/4G, namun akibat persebaran infrastruktur teknologi telekomunikasi yang tidak merata, maka masih terdapat banyak wilayah blank spot di Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, maka salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan teknologi telekomunikasi di Indonesia adalah dengan melakukan perencanaan jaringan berdasarkan demand dan infrastruktur pada wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini melakukan perencanaan jaringan pada Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, yang merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Sumatera Utara dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan kedepannya karena menjadi salah satu wilayah fokusan pemerintah dalam perkembangan food estate di Indonesia dan juga memiliki banyak objek wisata dan tempat bersejarah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah perencanaan kebutuhan BTS dan menara bersama untuk tahun 2024 berturut-turut sebanyak 97 dan 33 menara. Adapun salah satu solusi yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan penerapan menara bersama sebagai langkah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi lahan sehingga tidak terdapat wilayah blank spot terkhusus pada Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan.

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Along with the continuous development of telecommunication technology, it can be seen that there is a significant impact of the use of telecommunications technology in people's daily lives, one of its important functions is so that people can communicate with one another even though they are in long distances. Thus, adequate telecommunication infrastructure is needed, one of which is the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which functions to send and receive radio signals to other telecommunications equipment, such as in cellular telecommunications. Currently, Indonesia has implemented 3G/4G technology, but due to the uneven distribution of telecommunications technology infrastructure, there are still many blank spot areas in Indonesia. To overcome this problem, one of the methods that can be used to determine the need for telecommunications technology in Indonesia is to make a network planning based on demand and infrastructure in that region. This research conducts network planning in Humbang Hasundutan District, which is one of the districts in North Sumatera and has the potential to be developed in the future because it is one of the focus areas in the development of food estate in Indonesia and also has many tourist attractions and historical places. The results of this research indicate that the number of planning needs for BTS and joint towers for 2024 is 97 and 33 towers, respectively. One of the solutions proposed in this study is to implement a joint tower as a step to improve land efficiency so that there are no blank spots specifically in Humbang Hasundutan District."

"[This book contains selected peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability (INSTR) Conference held at the University of Minnesota July 22-23, 2010. International scholars, from a variety of disciplines, engineering, economics, geography, planning and transportation, offer varying perspectives on modeling and analysis of the reliability of transportation networks in order to illustrate both vulnerability to day-to-day and unpredictability variability and risk in travel, and demonstrates strategies for addressing those issues. The scope of the chapters includes all aspects of analysis and design to improve network reliability, specifically user perception of unreliability of public transport, public policy and reliability of travel times, the valuation and economics of reliability, network reliability modeling and estimation, travel behavior and vehicle routing under uncertainty, and risk evaluation and management for transportation networks. The book combines new methodologies and state of the art practice to model and address questions of network unreliability., This book contains selected peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability (INSTR) Conference held at the University of Minnesota July 22-23, 2010. International scholars, from a variety of disciplines, engineering, economics, geography, planning and transportation, offer varying perspectives on modeling and analysis of the reliability of transportation networks in order to illustrate both vulnerability to day-to-day and unpredictability variability and risk in travel, and demonstrates strategies for addressing those issues. The scope of the chapters includes all aspects of analysis and design to improve network reliability, specifically user perception of unreliability of public transport, public policy and reliability of travel times, the valuation and economics of reliability, network reliability modeling and estimation, travel behavior and vehicle routing under uncertainty, and risk evaluation and management for transportation networks. The book combines new methodologies and state of the art practice to model and address questions of network unreliability.]"

"The Japanese economy is emerging from a long term revession following the bubble and is in the economic recovery phase...."