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ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang ekspansi bisnis Saudi Aramco ke Indonesia. Saudi Aramco merupakan perusahaan minyak milik Arab Saudi yang terintergrasi penuh sebagai perusahaan minyak dan petrokimia global. Dalam perkembangannya, Saudi Aramco melakukan global downstream di Amerika Serikat serta melakukan upstream atau eksplorasi ke berbagai negara seperti Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Cina. Namun pada 2016, Saudi Aramco tertarik melakukan kerja sama joint venture ke Indonesia melalui investasi di Kilang Cilacap. Padahal berdasarkan data Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal RI (BKPM) sepanjang tahun 2016 investasi Arab Saudi ke Indonesia hanya sebesar 900 ribu USD yang terealisasi dalam 44 proyek disektor non-migas dan menempatkan Arab Saudi di posisi 57 dalam daftar negara investor di Indonesia. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, muncul  pertanyaan penulis, mengapa Arab Saudi mulai tertarik melakukan investasi ke Indonesia melalui ekspansi bisnis yang dilakukan oleh Saudi Aramco. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini akan menggunakan teori Push and Pull Factors dari Evans, Bridson, Byrom, dan Medway. Dalam menganalisis obyek penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil analisis peneliti menemukan bahwa push factors yang mendorong Saudi Aramco untuk melakukan ekspansi bisnis ke Indonesia adalah:  a) kondisi domestik Arab Saudi; b) tantangan domestik Arab Saudi; c) strategi pengembangan Saudi Aramco; dan d) adanya kebijakan Saudi Vision 2030. Sedangkan pull factors yang menarik Saudi Aramco untuk ekspansi bisnis ke Indonesia adalah: a) potensi kerja sama bilateral antara kedua negara dan sumber daya yang besar di Indonesia; dan b) kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia melalui proyek Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adanya faktor penarik yang kuat dari kebijakan Indonesia yang memberi sejumlah kemudahan bagi Saudi Aramco seperti: perizinan, penghapusan pajak penghasilan dalam waktu tertentu (Tax Holiday) dan memangkas komponen pembentukan setoran PPh (Tax Allowance), pembebasan pengenaan Pajak Penambahan Nilai (PPN) dan bea masuk bagi barang-barang yang dibutuhkan di dalam pembangunan proyek kilang Cilacap sehingga Saudi Aramco mulai tertarik untuk berinvestasi di Indonesia. Perbedaan penelitian ini dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya bahwa belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji tentang ekspansi bisnis Saudi Aramco ke Indonesia, maka peneliti mencoba menjelaskan beberapa fakta terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspansi bisnis Saudi Aramco ke Indonesia.

 

Kata Kunci : Ekspansi Bisnis, Push and Pull Factors, Investasi, Indonesia, Saudi Vision 2030, Proyek RDMP.

 

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ABSTRACT

This research examines on the topic of Saudi Aramco`s Business Expansion to Indonesia. Saudi Aramco is a fully integrated oil company owned by Saudi Arabia as a global oil and petrochemical company. During its development, Saudi Aramco conducted a global downstream in the United States and carried out upstream or exploration in various countries such as Japan, South Korea and China. However in 2016, Saudi Aramco was interested to joint ventures cooperation towards Indonesia through investments in the Cilacap Refinery. However based on the data from Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM), throughout 2016 Saudi Arabia`s investment in Indonesia was only 900 thousand USD which was realized in 44 non-oil sectors and placing Saudi Arabia at 57 in the list of state investors in Indonesia. Seeing this question, the author`s question arises, Saudi Arabia was interested to invest in Indonesia through business expansion carried out by Saudi Aramco. To answer this question, this research will use Theory of Push and Pull Factors from Evans, Bridson, Byrom, & Medway. In applying the theory used in the analysis, the data will use qualitative research methods. In the analysis, researchers found that the driving factors that led Saudi Aramco to expand its business to Indonesia were: a) domestic conditions in Saudi Arabia; b) Saudi Arabia Domestic challenges; c) Saudi Aramco`s development strategy; and d) the policies of the Saudi Arabian government which gave rise to the Saudi Vision 2030 policy. Then the attractive factors that attracted Saudi Aramco for business expansion to Indonesia were: a) the existence of Indonesia`s potential; and b) Indonesian government policies through the Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP) project. This research discusses the strong pulling factors of Indonesian policies that contribute to Saudi Aramco including ease of licensing, removing taxes within a certain time (Holiday Taxes), Tax Allowance, Value-Added Tax and import duties for goods needed in the construction of refineries so that Saudi Aramco began to be interested to invest in Indonesia. The difference between this research and the previous researches that did not have research that examined the expansion of Saudi Aramco`s business into Indonesia, the researchers tried to explain some facts related to the factors that increased Saudi Aramco's expansion to Indonesia.

 

Keywords: Business Expansion, Push and Pull Factor, Investment, Indonesia, Saudi Vision 2030, RDMP Project.

 

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"Skripsi ini membahas implementasi strategi yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, dan Koperasi Kabupaten Sleman bagi UMKM kerajinan bambu untuk menghadapi kompetitor-kompetitor daerah produksi produk kerajinan bambu yang ada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen. Teori yang digunakan dalam analisis penelitian ini di antaranya teori pemerintah daerah, strategi, manajemen strategi, dan implementasi strategi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi strategi yang dilakukan, yang tertuang dalam 7 program yang dibedakan menjadi strategi internal dan eksternal, 5 dari 7 program yaitu program pemberian pelatihan usaha dan produksi, penyediaan bahan baku, keikutsertaan pameran, pembangunan jaringan, dan kerjasama dengan Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Sleman dapat membantu UMKM kerajinan bambu Sleman untuk menghadapi kompetitornya. Sedangkan 2 program yaitu program penguatan modal dan pemberian bantuan alat kurang membantu UMKM kerajinan bambu Sleman untuk menghadapi kompetitornya.

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This thesis discusses the implementation of the strategy by the Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperative Sleman District for SMEs bamboo crafts to face competitors of bamboo craft products in Indonesia. This research was conducted using qualitative approach with data collection techniques with in-depth interviews and document study. The theory used in this analysis is the local government theory, strategy, management strategy, and implementation strategies.

The results showed that the implementation of the strategy, contained in seven programs which can be divided into strategic internal and external, 5 of 7 program is a program providing business and production training, supply of raw materials, the participation of the exhibition, network development, and cooperation with the Department of Tourism and Culture of Sleman District can help SMEs bamboo crafts to face competitors. While the two programs, the capital strengthening program and giving less aid to help SMEs bamboo craft Sleman to face competitors."

"Laporan magang ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi proses analisis lingkungan bisnis PT ABC yang dilakukan oleh PT Advisor sebagai konsultan dalam penyusunan Rencana Jangka Panjang Perusahaan PT ABC. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan pelaksanaan proses analisis lingkungan bisnis, baik eksternal maupun internal, yang dilakukan oleh PT Advisor dengan teori dalam strategi manajemen oleh Whittington, Regner, Angwin, Johnson, dan Scholes (2020) serta analisis keuangan perusahaan yang disampaikan oleh David & David (2017) dan Palepu, Healy, dan Peek (2013). Lingkup yang dibahas pada analisis eksternal meliputi analisis makro global, analisis makro Indonesia, analisis industri, dan analisis kompetitor, sedangkan pada lingkup analisis internal meliputi analisis rasio, analisis arus kas, dan analisis tren. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagaian besar analisis lingkungan bisnis eksternal dan internal PT ABC yang dilakukan oleh PT Advisor telah sejalan dengan teori. Adapun beberapa indikator yang perlu ditambahkan oleh PT Advisor pada lingkup analisis makro Indonesia adalah mengenai analisis pengaruh organisasi masyarakat, analisis isu yang diangkat oleh organisasi masyarakat, analisis jumlah paten baru, analisis jumlah inovasi baru, analisis cost and benefit penerapan operasional berkelanjutan, dan analisis peraturan perpajakan dan pelaporan, serta pada lingkup analisis industri menggunakan kerangka analisis Porter’s Five Forces. Pada lingkup analisis kompetitor menambahkan analisis fokus target konsumen kompetitor, analisis preferensi konsumen yang belum terlayani, dan analisis hambatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang strategis. Pada lingkup analisis keuangan juga perlu menambahkan analisis EPS, PER, quick ratio, debt-to-asset ratio, long-term debt-to-equity ratio, time-interest-earned, fixed asset turnover, total asset turnover, accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, dan pertumbuhan laba bersih. Dengan penambahan analisis ini diharapkan dapat diperoleh data dan informasi yang lebih lengkap sehingga akan menghasilkan keputusan strategi manajemen yang lebih baik.

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This internship report aims to evaluate the process of analyzing the business environment of PT ABC which was carried out by PT Advisor as a consultant in the preparation of the Company's Long Term Plan of PT ABC. The evaluation was carried out by comparing the implementation of the business environment analysis process, both external and internal, carried out by PT Advisor with the theory in strategic management by Whittington, Regner, Angwin, Johnson, and Scholes (2020) as well as the company's financial analysis by David & David (2017) and Palepu, Healy, and Peek (2013). The scope discussed in the external analysis includes global macro analysis, Indonesia macro analysis, industry analysis, and competitor analysis, while the internal analysis includes ratio analysis, cash flow analysis, and trend analysis. Based on the evaluation conducted, it can be concluded that most of PT ABC's external and internal business environment analysis conducted by PT Advisor is in line with the theory. There are several indicators that need to be added by PT Advisor to the scope of Indonesia's macro analysis, cosists of the analysis of the influence of community organizations, analysis of issues raised by community organizations, analysis of the number of new patents, analysis of the number of new innovations, cost and benefit analysis of implementing sustainable operations, and analysis on taxation and reporting regulation, as well as on the scope of industry analysis using Porter's Five Forces analysis framework. In the scope of competitor analysis, it needs to add analysis of the ompetitors' focus target consumers, analysis of consumer preferences that have not been served, and analysis of obstacles to take advantage of strategic opportunities. In the scope of financial analysis, it is also necessary to add EPS, PER, quick ratio analysis, debt-to-asset ratio, long-term debt-to-equity ratio, time-interest-earned, fixed asset turnover, total asset turnover, accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, and net profit growth. With the addition of this analysis, it is expected that PT Advisor can resulting more complete data and information to produce better strategic management decisions."