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"A physicist and an inventor, Jules Janssen (1824-1907) devoted his life to astronomical research. He spent many years traveling around the world to observe total Solar eclipses, demonstrating that a new era of science had just come thanks to the use of both spectroscopy and photography, and persuading the French Government of the necessity of founding a new observatory near Paris. He became its director in 1875. There, at Meudon, he began routine photographic recordings of the Sun surface and had a big refractor and a big reflector built. Meanwhile, he also succeeded in building an Observatory at the summit of Mont-Blanc."

"The book is organized by ease of observation, lunar phases and the brighter planets come first, while solar eclipses, the aurora, and comets come later. Celestial Delights also includes a hefty dose of sky lore, astronomical history, and clear overviews of current science. It provides a handy reference to upcoming naked-eye events, with information broken out in clear and simple diagrams and tables that are cross-referenced against a detailed almanac for each year covered. Most broad-ranging astronomy field guides focus on stars, constellations, and the deep sky, but tend to ignore planetary events, which are in by far the most widely observable aspects of the changing night sky."

"Periodical swarming of the polychaete species, named palolo in English, has been known as socially, culturally, and spiritually important event in Islands Southeast Asia and South Pacific. This study aims at exploring (1) taxonomy and ecology of the palolo and (2) mechanisms of traditional calendars in Indonesia, based on crosscultural and transdisciplinary analyses of previous studies which have been published since the early 18th Century and the authors fieldwork data. As the results, cultural events relevant to the palolo swarming geographically existed only in Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, and New Guinea Island in Indonesia. It was also found that the swarming mostly occurred in February or March in these regions, but in October or November in South Pacific (e.g, Samoa). Local people predicted the time of the palolo swarming by observing celestial and lunar movements. Indigenous calendars were also based on these movements, especially heliacal rising of Pleiades or Antares. In case of Lombok Island, the palolo swarming corresponded to 20th day of 10th month in the indigenous system and people stopped counting next month after this month in waiting for the next heliacal rising. In the authors analyses, this is a sophisticated intercalation system under low astronomical technology. It is concluded that the non conscious intercalation is the key technology and the palolo swarming is the best fitted natural phenomenon for traditional lunisolar calendrical systems in Eastern Indonesia"

"Peran televisi sebagai bagian dari konstruksi identitas dalam ranah kebudayaan global pascamodern tidak dapat dielakkan lagi. Kini televisi telah menjadi bagian dari keseharian masyarakat urban tanpa memandang kelas. Sementara itu, film menempati posisi yang sama, sebagai bagian dari konstruksi kebudayaan masa kini. Film menawarkan realitas baru dan menggagas konstruksi sosial baru dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Hal tersebut menjadikan integrasi kedua media tersebut patut diamati. Fasilitas yang ditawarkan oleh kecanggihan teknologi informasi abad keduapuluh satu memberikan peluang film dan televisi untuk mempercepat proses penyebarannya ke seluruh dunia.Celestial Movies Channel merupakan salah satu contoh kasusnya. Sebagai stasiun televisi dalam jaringan televisi global, Celestial memosisikan diri sebagai stasiun khusus sinema Cina yang dapat diakses dari tempat manapun di seluruh dunia. Kasus ini menjadi lebih menarik untuk diamati ketika konstruksi kultural baru yang digagas Celestial dalam jaringan media global dipertemukan dengan aspek ruang yang terkonstruksi dalam media tersebut. Ruang, pada kenyataannya merupakan aspek penting dalam sebuah konstruksi kultural.Penelitian ini mencoba menelusuri bagaimana Celestial memproduksi sebuah ruang bagi identitas kecinaan dalam ruang media global. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini juga mencoba mengetahui identitas kultural apa yang terkonstruksi dalam ruang maya seperti itu. Melalui pendekatan ruang, penelitian ini mencoba menjawab bagaimana konstruksi identitas kultural dapat terjadi. Hal yang menarik adalah, konstruksi yang akan ditelusuri tersebut berlangsuug dalam ruang virtual (maya), yakni sebuah ruang yang hanya dapat mewujud dalam jaringan elektronik.Pendekatan ruang dipergunakan untuk membongkar bagaimana pertarungan wacana dalam ruang tersebut bcrlangsung. Selain itu juga untuk menemukan bagaimana wacana tersebut berperan dalam proses produksi ruang virtual Cina yang digagas Celestial tersebut. Dengan demikian, pengetahuan yang diperoleh melalui penelitian ini dapat membantu proses pemahaman tentang bagaimana konstruksi kultural dalam ruang media.

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The role of television as a part of identity construction in the global post-modem culture is inevitable. Television now has taken part in daily lives of the urban disregarding the social class. At the same time, film has also positioned itself equally as a major part in the contemporary culture. Film offers new realities and giving ideas of how new social construction in the society would be. Integration of the two medias made it worth observed. The twenty-first century?s advanced infomation technology gives an opportunity for both film and television to accelerate their dissemination process throughout the globe.

Celestial Movies Channel is one example. As a television station in a globalized broadcasting network, Celestial has positioned itself exclusively as a station dedicated for Chinese Cinema, that can be accessed from any part of the world. The case is worth observing while new cultural construction as proposed by Celestial in the global broadcasting network is faced with spatial aspects constructed within the media. Space, as a matter of fact, is a crucial aspect in a cultural construction.

This research attempts to trace on how Celestial produces a space for Chinese identity in the global media space. Furthermore, this research also attempts to perceive the formation of cultural identity in such virtual space. By using the spatial approach and theories, this research primary objective is to find out how the cultural construction operates and works. Interestingly, the construction which to be observed occurs within a virtual space, a space which is formed in an electronic network.

Spatial approach is used to reveal the discursive formation in such contested terrain. On the other hand, to discover the way the discourses play a significant role in constructing the China?s virtual space that Celestial offers. This research can provide knowledge and better understanding in how cultural construction works in an electronic media space."