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"In the last decades, rural East and Southeast Asia have been experiencing remarkable economic transformations. In rural Java two phases can be distinguished. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the changes largely occurred following technological innovations and the related commercialization of wet rice production. Since the late 1980s, the transformation largely stems from migration and transportation as well as marketing improvements. However, in this process of rural diversification in Java, considerable regional differences can be observed. After a brief discussion of theoretical issues, the characteristics of the small-scale industry situated in varying rural contexts are presented. Subsequently, an attempt is made to assess the extent in which local factors can be held responsible for the differences observed."

"Oil separation in grease is known to be caused by temperature, pressure, centrifuging or by bleeding. There has been a new issue of separation caused by vibration. This occurs primarily in centralized lubrication systems where a positive displacement pump delivers grease to a number of lubricating points located some distance from the pump.A test rig was built to investigate this issue. It consists of two parts, one is a vibration simulation rig, and the other is a measuring rig. The vibration rig, when coupled with a vibrating table will be able to simulate vibration. The measuring rig was designed to be used with Load Cell machine, to push grease through the grease line. Oil separation is identified by uneven force distribution needed to push the grease.Testing was done using grease number 2, commonly used grease in industry. There is quite a promising indication that oil separation in grease due to vibration does occur."