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"Tesis ini membahas transfer kewenangan dalam mengelola pendidikan menengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penulisan yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dari bahan pustaka dan wawancara untuk mengkonfirmasi data. Dengan penggantian UU Pemerintah Daerah menjadi UU No. 23 tahun 2014, wewenang untuk mengelola pendidikan menengah ditransfer dari otoritas sebelumnya dari pemerintah kabupaten/kota ke otoritas pemerintah provinsi. Karena kebijakan itu, muncul pro dan kontra yang mengarah pada pengajuan permohonan uji materi UU No. 23 tahun 2014 ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Ada tiga masalah yang dibahas dalam tesis ini, yaitu wewenang pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan pendidikan menengah, pelaksanaan pengelolaan pendidikan menengah antara pemerintah kabupaten/kota dan pemerintah provinsi, dan penerapan transfer kewenangan dalam mengelola pendidikan menengah dari Provinsi Banten ke Kota Cilegon. Penerapan pengalihan wewenang ini di Kota Cilegon dan Provinsi Banten telah dilakukan dengan baik dengan membentuk Cabang Layanan di kabupaten/kota sebagai perpanjangan dari pemerintah provinsi. Agar pemerintah provinsi menjalankan pengelolaan pendidikan menengah, koordinasi dan sinkronisasi yang kuat diperlukan antara pemerintah provinsi dan pemerintah kabupaten/kota. Selain itu, sosialisasi juga harus diadakan secara teratur antara Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Provinsi, Kantor Cabang Layanan, dan kepala sekolah dari setiap sekolah menengah di kabupaten/kota. Cabang Layanan dalam mengelola pendidikan menengah di kabupaten/kota juga perlu mewakili kabupaten/kota.

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This thesis discusses the transfer of authority in managing the secondary education. The research method used is normative juridical writing with qualitative approach from library materials and interviews to confirm data. With the replacement of the Local Government Law to Law No. 23 of 2014, the authority to manage the secondary education is transferred from theprevious authority of the district/city government to the authority of the provincial government. Because of that policy, pros and cons emerged which led to the submission of a request for judicial review of Law No. 23 of 2014 to the Constitutional Court. There are three issues discussed in this thesis, namely the authority of the local government in the management of secondary education, the implementation of managing the secondary education between the district/city government and the provincial government, and the application of the transfer of authority in managing the secondary education from Banten Province to Cilegon City. The application of this transfer of authority in Cilegon City and Banten Province has been well carried out by forming Service Branches in the district/city as an extension of the provincial government. In order for the provincial government to carry out managing secondary education, strong coordination and synchronization is needed between the provincial government and the district/city government. In addition, socialization must also be held regularly between the Provincial Education and Culture Office, the Service Branch Offices, and the principal of each secondary school in the district/city. The Service Branch in managing secondary education in the district/city also need to represent the district/city."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pengembalian investasipendidikan menengah antara sekolah menengah umum (SMA) dan sekolahmenengah kejuruan (SMK) dengan melakukan estimasi fungsi penghasilanMincer menggunakan metode two step Heckman. Proses pengolahan data diawalidengan menganalisis probabilitas pilihan bersekolah anak dengan modelMultinomial Logit. Dari data Susenas 2013, ditemukan bahwa probabilitas pilihanbersekolah di tingkat menengah meningkat jika individu mempunyai orang tuadengan pendidikan tinggi dan memiliki pengeluaran rumah tangga yang tinggi.Analisis return pendidikan antara lulusan SMA dan SMK menemukan bahwatingkat pengembalian investasi sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) lebih tinggidibandingkan tingkat pengembalian investasi sekolah menengah umum (SMA).

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze rates of returns to secondary education betweenGeneral Secondary Education and Vocational Secondary Education by estimatingMincerian Earnings Function using two step Heckman method. The dataprocessing starts by analyzing the probability of student school choice withMultinomial Logit Models. From the data of Susenas in 2013, found that theprobability of school choice at the secondary level increases if the individual has aparent with high education and high household expenditure. Analysis ofeducational return between General Secondary Education and VocationalSecondary Education graduates finds rates of returns to Vocational SecondaryEducation is higher than General Secondary Education, This research aims to analyze rates of returns to secondary education betweenGeneral Secondary Education and Vocational Secondary Education by estimatingMincerian Earnings Function using two step Heckman method. The dataprocessing starts by analyzing the probability of student school choice withMultinomial Logit Models. From the data of Susenas in 2013, found that theprobability of school choice at the secondary level increases if the individual has aparent with high education and high household expenditure. Analysis ofeducational return between General Secondary Education and VocationalSecondary Education graduates finds rates of returns to Vocational SecondaryEducation is higher than General Secondary Education]"

"Teknologi sebagai media pembelajaran semakin dibutuhkan untuk dapat merasakan pembelajaran mendalam. Salah satu teknologi imersif yang dapat mengakomodasi pembelajaran mendalam yaitu teknologi virtual reality. Di Indonesia adanya Millealab sebagai platform yang menyediakan aplikasi teknologi VR untuk pendidikan. Millealab bersama SEAMOLEC mengadakan acara “1000 guru pioneer VR” untuk memperkenalkan VR ke seluruh Indonesia. Adanya teknologi VR, siswa akan merasakan keterlibatan penuh, fokus dan aktif dalam suatu pelajaran karena teknologi ini memiliki unsur immersion, presence dan interactivity. Teknologi VR menyediakan siswa pengalaman yang lebih realistis dengan lingkungan virtualnya, pengalaman yang dialami oleh siswa ini yang menjadi keberhasilan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman akan pembelajaran. Berangkat dari keunggulan yang dimiliki teknologi VR, sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi bentuk dari immersion, presence, dan interactivity pada pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus pada Millealab. Temuan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa VR sebagai media yang dapat mentransfer imajinasi melalui ketiga unsur yang dimiliki immersion, presence dan interactivity. Bentuk dari immersion ditandai dengan keterlibatan mendalam yang di rasakan siswa dalam suatu pelajaran, sedangkan untuk presence ditandai dengan tingkat fokus dan ketertarikan yang tinggi terhadap pelajaran. Yang terakhir interactivity dapat ditandai dengan aktifnya siswa baik dalam lingkungan virtual maupun setelah memakai VR.

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Technology as a learning medium is increasingly needed to be able to experience immersive learning. One of the immersive technologies that can accommodate immersive learning is virtual reality technology. In Indonesia, Millealab is a platform that provides VR technology applications for education. Millealab with SEAMOLEC held a "1000 Guru Pioneer VR" event to introduce VR throughout Indonesia. VR technology has immersion, presence, and interactivity that makes students feel fully involved, focused, and active in a lesson. VR technology provides students with a more realistic experience with their virtual environment, and it will be increasing understanding of learning. This research explores the forms of immersion, presence, and interactivity in education from the advantages of VR technology. This research uses a case study qualitative research method on Millealab. The findings of this study state that VR is a medium that can transfer imagination through the three elements possessed by immersion, presence and interactivity. The form of immersion is characterized by the deep involvement that students feel in a lesson, while presence is characterized by a high level of focus and interest in the lesson. Finally, interactivity can be indicated by students' activeness both in the virtual environment and after using VR."

"[ABSTRAKSalah satu isu krusial dalam pembangunan pendidikan di Indonesia adalahkesenjangan akses pendidikan antar kabupaten/kota. Pelaksanaan desentralisasiyang bertujuan mendekatkan pelayanan publik ke masyarakat diharapkanmembuat akses pendidikan tingkat kabupaten/kota menjadi lebih baik. Penelitianini membahas pengaruh alokasi anggaran pemerintah terhadap perbaikan aksespendidikan menengah kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, diukur dengan angkapartisipasi kasar (APK) dan angka partisipasi murni (APM). Analisisekonometrika data panel 15 kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, periode 2010-2012, menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, anggaran pemerintah melaluianggaran fungsi pendidikan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadappeningkatan APK dan APM. Kedua, dana transfer berupa DAU hanyaberpengaruh meningkatakan akses pendidikan melalui APK, tidak pada APM.Ketiga, kemandirian fiskal kabupaten/kota tidak berpengaruh dalammeningkatkan akses pendidikan menengah daerahnya. PDRB per kapita sebagaicerminan kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat menunjukkan berpengaruh signifikan danpositif terhadap peningkatan APK dan APM. Namun demikian pengaruh variabelvariabelyang signifikan terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah sangatkecil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak alokasi anggaran pemerintah maupunpertumbuhan ekonomi, terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengahkabupaten/kota relatif kecil.

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ABSTRACTOne of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia iseducation access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation ofdecentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community isexpected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. Thisstudy discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improvingaccess secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by thegross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometricanalysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 showseveral things. First, the government budget through the budget of the educationfunctions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER andNER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase theaccess to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency ofkabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education inthose area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of thecommunity showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GERand NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement ofaccess to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact ofgovernment budget allocation and economic growth, improved access tosecondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.;One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia iseducation access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation ofdecentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community isexpected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. Thisstudy discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improvingaccess secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by thegross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometricanalysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 showseveral things. First, the government budget through the budget of the educationfunctions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER andNER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase theaccess to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency ofkabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education inthose area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of thecommunity showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GERand NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement ofaccess to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact ofgovernment budget allocation and economic growth, improved access tosecondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small., One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia iseducation access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation ofdecentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community isexpected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. Thisstudy discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improvingaccess secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by thegross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometricanalysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 showseveral things. First, the government budget through the budget of the educationfunctions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER andNER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase theaccess to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency ofkabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education inthose area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of thecommunity showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GERand NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement ofaccess to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact ofgovernment budget allocation and economic growth, improved access tosecondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.]"