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"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mencari chanel yang menghubungkan antara FDI dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dari sektor manufaktur, sektor nonmigas dan semua sektor ekonomi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan Kausalitas Granger. Tes ini akan dilaksanakan dalam kerangka kointegrasi dan vektor model koreksi kesalahan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada kausalitas satu arah dari FDI terhadap PDB, namun, ekspor dan investasi domestik tidak dapat diperlakukan sebagai chanel di mana FDI bisa menguntungkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Hasil penting lain menegaskan bahwa ada kausalitas dari PDB untuk FDI di Indonesia, di mana ekspor dan domestik dapat diperlakukan sebagai chanel yang menghubungkan antara PDB ke FDI. Hasil ini memiliki implikasi kebijakan yang penting bagi pemerintah Indonesia, seperti pemerintah harus fokus pada ekonomi domestik ketimbang promosi ekspor, mengelola stabilitas makroekonomi dan memberikan perhatian pada ekspor dan investasi dalam negeri untuk menarik FDI.

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This study investigates various channels through which FDI could benefit economic growth in Indonesia from manufacture sector, non-oil sector and all economic sectors in Indonesia by using Granger Causality approach. This test will be implemented within a cointegration framework and vector error correction model. The findings show that there is a unidirectional causality from FDI to GDP, however, export and domestic investment cannot be treated as the channel through which FDI could benefit economic growth in Indonesia. Another important result confirms that there is causality from GDP to FDI in Indonesia, thus export and domestic investment can be treated as the passage. These findings have important policy implications such as the Indonesia government should focus in domestic economy rather than exports promotion; manage the macroeconomic stability and give attention in exports and domestic investment to attract FDI."

"International labour migration can be characterized in three ways — as human aspiration, tradition, and necessity. For some people, working overseas is a dream. For others, international labour mobility is a tradition. For a great number of people, however, international labour migration is an economic necessity. It is the only viable solution to realize their basic human right to a decent life."