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"Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan muslim terbanyak di dunia. Sudah menjadi kebiasaan masyarakat untuk beribadah di masjid sekitar. Masjid dengan ruang luar (outdoor) memiliki perbedaan kualitas spasial yang kontras. Sehingga perlu adanya transisi ruang yang berkesinambungan dan sesuai. Salah satu faktor dalam mencapai pengalaman transisi yang baik adalah dengan threshold space. Threshold space berfungsi sebagai penghubung dan pemisah antar ruang yang dapat memberikan pengalaman ruang yang bermakna. Threshold space dapat dianalisis lebih dalam dengan dikategorikan sebagai high dan low threshold. High dan low threshold dapat membantu dalam melihat keseluruhan pengalaman transisi dan beribadah di masjid. Dengan beberapa parameter menurut Boettger dan Zumthor, dapat mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis threshold space di Masjid Raya Pondok Indah dan Masjid Ukhuwah Islamiyah. Arsitektur, material, sekuen manusia, konteks, dan cahaya bisa menentukan high dan low dalam threshold space. Studi ini menggunakan metode studi literatur, studi kasus, dan observasi. Skripsi ini memberikan informasi bahwa high dan low threshold space dapat berpengaruh terhadap atmosfer dan pengalaman ruang interior maupun outdoor. Sehingga threshold space bersifat low atau high di masjid tidak hanya sebagai ruang transisi, tetapi juga berdampak dalam bagaimana manusia mengalami ruang shalat.

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Indonesia is one of the countries with the most muslims population in the world. It has become a routine for the community to pray and worship in mosque. Mosque has contrasting spatial qualities with the outdoor space. Therefore, there needs to be a continuous and appropriate transition space. One of the factor in achieving good transition experience is the threshold space. Threshold space connects and separates spaces that can give meaningful spatial experience. Threshold space can be analyzed more deeply by categorized as high and low threshold. High and low threshold can help to seeing overall transition experience and worshiping in mosque. With several parameters, according to Boettger and Zumthor, uses for identify and analyze threshold space in Pondok Indah Grand Mosque and Ukhuwah Islamiyah Mosque. Architecture, materiality, sequence, context, and light and shadow can determine the highs and lows in threshold space. This research uses literature study, case study, and observation methods. This research provides information that high and low threshold space can affect the atmospheres and spatial experience of interior or outdoor space. Therefore, threshold space as high or low in mosque not only act as transitional space, but also has an impact on how human experience worshiping in mosque."

"This book describes for readers the protection of electronic hardware in space vehicles from the negative effects of space dust and electromagnetic irradiation. The authors explain the mechanisms of space dust (high velocity particles in space), the effects on the on-board electronic hardware of space vehicles, and development of protection methods from these influences on humans, equipment and microcircuits. Coverage includes hard-to-find technical information on the design of special boosters for accelerating microparticles to space velocities, techniques for conducting experiments on Earth, data processing, and practical examples. The authors also discuss fabrication technologies and composition of special, radio absorbent materials for protecting space vehicles from the electromagnetic irradiation.Provides a single-source reference on the effects on space vehicles of space dust and electromagnetic irradiation;Discusses the design of special boosters for acceleration of micro-particles to space velocities, for experimentation and testing on Earth;Includes information about fabrication technologies and composition of special, radio absorbent materials for protecting space vehicles from the electromagnetic irradiation."

"ABSTRAKKegiatan ekonomi informal yang dilakukan di dalam maupun di lingkungan unit rumah telah banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat Jakarta. Fenomena ini yang disebut sebagai HBE (Home-Based Enterprise) dimana unit rumah melakukan kegiatan domestik maupun kegiatan ekonomi. Tentunya dalam hunian dengan luasan terbatas, kegiatan domestik dan ekonomi saling bercampur dan mempengaruhi interioritas penghuninya. Dengan menggunakan Kampung Cikini, Kelurahan Pegangsaan, Jakarta Pusat, sebagai studi kasus, saya mendeskripsikan usaha penghuni untuk menyediakan ruang domestik dan ekonomi yang mampu mengakomodasi kondisi interioritasnya. Untuk itu, saya melakukan pemetaan jumlah dan lokasi HBE yang tersebar di Kampung Cikini dan memilih 5 (lima) di antaranya sebagai kasus pembahasan berdasarkan komoditas yang diperdagangkan. Dalam pembahasan, saya mengidentifikasi HBE berdasarkan pembagian komoditas yang dijual, proses adaptasi ruang kegiatan ekonomi dan domestic secara bersamaan dan mengidentifikasi kaitan adaptasi ruang tersebut dengan kondisi interioritas. Hasil deskripsi ini tidak hanya memperkaya wacana mengenai adaptasi ruang dalam hunian dengan luas terbatas, namun juga dapat member pemahaman akan pentingnya penyediaan ruang untuk kegiatan ekonomi bagi hunian masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah dan strategi spasial yang dapat digunakan agar dapat sinergis dengan kegiatan domestik.

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ABSTRACT

Informal economic activities are done by the people in Jakarta either inside or outside the house units. This phenomenon is called as HBE (Home-Based Enterprise) where households do the domestic and economic activities in a house. In residential which has limited area, domestic and economic activity mix and influence the inhabitants? interiority. By using Kampong Cikini in Central Jakarta, as a case study, I attempt to describe the occupant?s enterprise to provide domestic and economic space which can accommodate their house?s interior and interiority. Thus, I am mapping the number and location of HBE in Kampung Cikini and choose 5 (five) of them as a case study based on its commodity. I identified HBE based on commodities, the process of adaptation of economic activities and domestic space and identified the relationship between the space?s adaptation an the interiority condition. I hope that the results of this writing will not only enrich the knowledge on the adaptation of residential in limited space, but also will tell about the importance of the provision of space for economic activity for the low-income communities particularly in urban slums and spatial strategies that can be used in order to synergize with domestic activities."