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"In this book we have mainly focused on physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic bases of crop development and related approaches that can be used for crop improvement under environmental adversaries. In addition, the adverse effects of different biotic (diseases, pathogens etc.) and abiotic (salinity, drought, high temperatures, metals etc) stresses on crop development and the potential strategies to enhance crop productivity under stressful environments are also discussed."

"This book has a wider approach not strictly focused on crop production compared to other books that are strictly oriented towards bees, but has a generalist approach to pollination biology. It also highlights relationships between introduced and wild pollinators and consequences of such introductions on communities of wild pollinating insects. The chapters on biochemical basis of plant-pollination interaction, pollination energetics, climate change and pollinators and pollinators as bioindicators of ecosystem functioning provide a base for future insights into pollination biology. The role of honeybees and wild bees on crop pollination, value of bee pollination, planned honeybee pollination, non-bee pollinators, safety of pollinators, pollination in cages, pollination for hybrid seed production, the problem of diseases, genetically modified plants and bees, the role of bees in improving food security and livelihoods, capacity building and awareness for pollinators are also discussed."

"This paper primarily attempts to detect the trend in the present upshots of global warming temperature data. It has been done through the estimation of the long memory fractional parameter using a simulation technique in the presence of additive outilers which stands as wild observations generated in the atmosphere due to global warming. Then the study investigates empirically the impact global warming on the particular aspect of global agricultural production. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, a data generating process is applied here additive outliers are generated in a discrate way. Observed facts reveal that additive outliers affect the bias and the MSE of the estimated fractional parameter. The size of the additive outliers in data generating process has also important effects on the estimated fractional parameter depending on the value of true fractional parameter. The result exhibits a non-trend or a natural cyclical variability influenced by a stochastic process in the case of climate change behavior with wild observations (outilers) that produce contradictory outcome of profound uncertainties againts the case of true world temperature data trend. The results of empirical investigations assert that in the late 21 century unabated global warming would have a negative impact on global agricultural production in the aggregate and the impact could be severe if carbon fertilization benefits (enhancements of yields in a carbon-rich environment) do not materialize, especially if water scarcity limits irrigation. In addition, if warming would not halt in the 2080s, but would continue on a path toward still higher global temperature in the composition of agricultural damage could be more severe. The study also shows that the composition of agricultural effects is likely to be seriously unfavorable to developing countries with the most severe losses in Africa, Latin America and India."

"Land-use is in a continuous process of change either planned or unplanned. AN increase in population has resulted into additional need for more agricultural land. CAttle population has relatively increased in line with population growth. This paper examines the changes in land-use pattern related to crop production and cattle rearing. Traditionally, crop production and cattle raising were conducted as separate enterprise. However cattle are recently kept at the agricultural land thus leading to extensive damage. In the district, this development occurred in the 1920s with the establishment of the borehole scheme. Currently, the grazing areas are considered to be overrulitised, hence necessitating land-use intensification including the adoption of 'modern' agricultural techniques and practices so as to minimise land deterioration and achieve sustainable production. "

"Kebijakan Sertipikasi Lahan secara masif dilakukan pemerintah sejak tahun 2017 hingga saat ini, kebijakan Sertipikasi lahan selain untuk memberikan kepastian hukum diharapkan mampu dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai salah satu akses modal terutama sektor pertanian. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh Sertipikasi Lahan terhadap produksi padi wilayah Indonesia. Riset ini menerapkan analisis regresi data panel yang menganalisis Kebijakan Sertipikasi lahan pada satuan tingkat Kabupaten/Kota dengan periode tahun 2017 hingga tahun 2020. Temuan riset membuktikan jika tidak ditemukan pengaruh yang signifikan oleh Sertipikasi Lahan, Curah Hujan, maupun Angkatan Kerja sektor pertanian. Variabel yang memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap produksi padi adalah luas lahan pertanian. Dengan demikian, riset ini sejalan dengan riset terdahulu dengan pembuktian apabila tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada produktivitas usaha tanipadi akibat adanya perubahan status kepemilikan tanah pada rumah tangga usaha tani padi di Indonesia. Namun pemerintah perlu menaruh perhatian berlebih pada kebijakan yang dapat meningkatkan luas lahan pertanian, karena secara empiris dan signifikan dapat meningkatkan produksi sektor pertanian di Indonesia.

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The Land Titling policy has been massively carried out by the government since 2017 until now, the land Sertipication policy in addition to providing legal certainty is expected to be utilized by the community as one of the access to capital, especially the agricultural sector. This research discusses the effect of land certification on rice production in Indonesia. This research applies panel data regression analysis that analyzes the Land Sertipication Policy at the Regency / City level unit with the period 2017 to 2020. The research findings prove that there is no significant influence by land certification, rainfall, or labor force in the agricultural sector. The variable that has a significant impact on rice production is the size of agricultural land. Thus, this research is in line with previous research by proving that there is no significant difference in the productivity of rice farming due to changes in land ownership status of rice farming households in Indonesia. However, the government needs to pay more attention to policies that can increase the size of agricultural land, because empirically and significantly it can increase the production of the agricultural sector in Indonesia."