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"Kartel dipersepsikan sebagai bentuk paling berbahaya dari tindakan anti persaingan dan di beberapa yurisdiksi menerima penanganan dari perspektif hukum pidana. Sifat kerahasiaan kartel menjadi hambatan terbesar bagi otoritas persaingan usaha untuk membuktikan keberadaan kartel, hal mana juga dialami oleh Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha di Indonesia. Untuk alasan ini, sejumlah besar yurisdiksi telah mengadopsi leniency program untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan kartel.Tesis ini membahas pengaturan dan implementasi leniency program dalam Antitrust Law di Amerika Serikat dan Antimonopoly Law di Jepang serta kemungkinan penerapannya dalam hukum persaingan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif yang menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan untuk menerapkan leniency program melalui amandemen Undang- Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 dan sejalan dengan itu meningkatkan sanksi denda administratif yang diterapkan KPPU terhadap pelaku kartel.

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Cartels are perceived as the most dangerous form of anti-competitive conduct and in some jurisdiction subjected to the criminal penalty regime. The confidential nature of cartel has been the biggest obstacle in proving their existence, which is also experienced by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission in Indonesia. Leniency programs uncover conspiracies that would otherwise go undetected and for this reasons numerous jurisdictions have adopted leniency program within their competition law regime. The study discussed the regulation of leniency program and its implementation both in the United States Antitrust Law and in Japan Antimonopoly Law. The study also addressed the possibility of leniency program? application in Indonesia. The study used juridical-normative research method which emphasis on the use of statute and comparative approach. The result suggest to implement leniency program in Indonesia through the amendment of Law No. 5 of 1999 and to increase the administrative fines imposed by the Commission against perpetrators of cartels."

"The long-term care insurance system, introduced in 2000, has promoted thesocialization of long-term care and helped to reduce the burden on familieswith elderly relatives who need long-term care. But while the purpose of thelong-term care insurance system is to provide a necessary and sufficient levelof benefits for elderly persons in need of long-term care, the system alone doesnot necessarily meet all of their care needs. As a result, family care or servicesother than long-term care insurance are required to complement long-term careinsurance services. The system of care leave based on the Child Care andFamily Care Leave Act was established as a preparatory period with the aim ofbuilding a system for long-term care of family members in need of such care;income guarantees during the care leave period are provided in the form ofcare leave benefits from the employment insurance system. However, the rateof care leave actually taken remains at an extremely low level, despite progressby businesses in establishing related regulations. What is more importantis to create schemes for working formats, such as short working hour systemsor limits on overtime work, to assist workers in balancing everyday and continuousemployment with family care."

"The law No. 5 year 1999 is a milestone of the jurisprudence in Indonesia, since the law has changed the legal culture for cooperation behavior into competition behavior. Socialization of the law shall be addressed to business world, government apparatus, prosecutors, judges, lawyers as well as political parties...."

"The wishes of having an antitrust law in Indonesia have been debated for years by public, people representatives (the "DPR"), and political parties. Unfortunately, during the years of Soeharto's regime, initiatives, ideas or wishes were abandoned by the regime since the ideas were contrary to the interests of Soeharto's crony...."