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"Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai ada tidaknya pengaturan penagihan pinjaman di Indonesia, khususnya pinjaman melalui Perusahaan Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending serta apakah pengaturan tersebut telah mengakomodasi perlindungan penerima pinjaman sebagai konsumen dari perusahaan fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending terhadap tindakan penagihan yang tidak beretika. Penulis menemukan bahwa saat ini Indonesia memiliki peraturan dalam tingkat Pedoman Perilaku Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI) yang mengatur secara umum mengenai penagihan dan peraturan tersebut berprinsip pada perlindungan konsumen meskipun tidak diatur secara rinci dan khusus. Akan tetapi, tidak ditemukan sanksi yang dapat menimbulkan efek jera bagi pelaku penagihan yang tidak beretika.

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This paper will discuss whether there is a debt collection regulation in Indonesia, especially loans through the Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending Company and whether the regulation has accommodated the protection of debtors as consumers of the Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending Company against unethical debt collection. The author finds that Indonesia currently has regulations in the Code of Conduct of the Pedoman Perilaku Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI) which regulates in general terms about debt collection and the regulation is based on consumer protection even though it is not regulated in detail and specifically. However, no sanctions were found that could have a deterrent effect for those who conduct unethical debt collection."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penggunaan Informasi Dari Bank Indonesia (Sistem Informasi Debitur) Dalam Rangka Pemberian Kredit Oleh Bank serta menjelaskan Bagaimana penyelesaian jika ternyata data yang diberikan oleh Bank Indonesia merugikan Nasabah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam karya ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Tipe penelitian ini termasuk penelitian preskriptif. Untuk jenis data yang digunakan ialah data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan serta wawancara yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan penulis, dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Pemberian kredit di Bank dilakukan dengan menerapkan pemberian fasilitas kredit bank menerapkan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Perbankan (Prudential Banking Principle), Prinsip Mengenal Nasabah (Know Your Customer) dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Debitur Bank , serta upaya yang dapat dilakukan Debitur jika Informasi Dari Sistem Informasi Debitur merugikan debitur.

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This study aims to determine the use of information from Bank Indonesia (Debtor Information System) in the Context Lending by Banks and explain How the settlement if it turns out the data provided by the Indonesian Bank Customer harm.This type of research used in this work is the author of normative research. This type of research include prescriptive research. For the type of data used is primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out through the study of literature and subsequent interviews were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. Based on the analysis that had been conducted by the author, it can be concluded that the extension of credit in the Bank is done by applying a bank credit facility apply prudential principles Banking (Prudential Banking Principle), KYC (Know Your Customer) using Bank Debtor Information System, as well as efforts to do Debtor if the Debtor Information System Information from harming the debtor. "

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai bagaimana profitabilitas dan nilai perusahaan yang menggunakan utang luar negeri berelasi dengan perusahan sejenis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode empiris untuk menganalisa profitabilitas dan nilai perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profitabilitas perusahaan yang menggunakan utang luar negeri berelasi berkinerja sama dengan perusahaan lain yang tidak menggunakan utang luar negeri berelasi, sedangkan nilai perusahaan yang menggunakan utang luar negeri berelasi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perusahaan lain yang tidak menggunakan utang luar negeri berelasi.

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ABSTRACTThese thesis discuses profitability and the value of company that use affiliated foreign debt compare to other companies doesn rsquo t use affiliated foreign debt. This study uses a empirical study method to analize performance and companies value. These study result are profitability of companies using affiliated foreign debt is similar with other companies doesn rsquo t use affiliated foreign debt, while value of companies that use affiliated foreign debt is lower than other companies doesn rsquo t use affiliated foreign debt."

"Thesis ini merupakan suatu penelitian deskriptif dan kualitatif yang dilengkapi dengan metode studi kasus. Studi kasus atas administrasi dan kebijakan publik pinjaman luar negeri dilakukan dengan melakukan evaluasi atas bantuan Japan Bank for hnternational Cooperation (JBIC) di Indonesia. Mengingat bahwa proses pembuatan kebijakan publik pada hakekatnya merupakan suatu aktivitas yang kompleks (rumit), dimana tidak satu modelpun dapat secara penuh dapat mengintegrasikan banyak faktor (variable) dalam suatu pengambilan kebijakan publik, maka pilihan analisis dalam thesis ini digunakan analisa kualitatif. Sebagaimana dimaklumi, hal yang paling sentral dari proses kebijakan publik, adalah dalam hal pelaksanaannya (implementasinya), sehingga proses pelaksanaan yang buruk akan menjadikan rencana yang sudah digariskan akan jauh menyimpang dengan kenyataan yang ada.Melalui data serta informasi dapat diperoleh gambaran/deskripsi serta kecenderungan pola hubungan antara berbagai faktor yang dominan dalam proses administrasi dan kebijakan publik dari pinjaman luar negeri. Berbagai informasi yang ada tersebut dipilah-pilah sesuai dengan model yang diperkenalkan oleh Sharkansky, Ira (1978) maupun Saasa, Oliver S. (1985). Kedua model tersebut menjelaskan pola hubungan input, proses, dan output, serta feedback, dalam suatu lingkungan tertentu. Oleh karena itu, model Sharkansky, Ira (1978) maupun Saasa, Oliver S. (1985) tersebut dipergunakan secara bersama-sama dalam menjelaskan item demi item proses administrasi dan kebijakan publik dari pinjaman luar negeri.Perdebatan mengenai manfaat/efektivitas bantuan luar negeri bagi negara penerima bantuan banyak diperdebatkan oleh banyak peneliti yang kemudian menimbulkan pro dan kontra, khususnya yang menyangkut apakah bantuan luar negeri mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara penerima bantuan. Perdebatan tersebut juga mencakup "selfish motivation" dari negara donor. Diakui bahwa bantuan luar negeri merupakan satu dari beberapa sumber pembiayaan pembangunan ekonomi yang bermanfaat, namun efektivitasnya sangat tergantung pada beberapa hal, tidak semuanya semata-mata karena faktor ekonomis, ataupun yang langsung terkait dengan bantuan itu sendiri, melainkan ada faktor-faktor non-ekonomis, seperti misalnya proses pengambilan keputusan. Oleh karena itu, untuk melihat persoalan administrasi dan kebijakan pinjaman luar negeri,perlu diperhatikan hal-hal terkait dengan makroekonomi maupun mikroekonomi.Walaupun kebijakan-kebijakan atau program-program pemerintah umumnya sulit untuk diukur, karena biasanya kebijakan/program tersebut umumnya memiliki definisi yang longgar sifatnya. Evaluasi atas kebijakan dapat dilihat dari beberapa tingkatan: policy level, program level, dan project level. Lebih jauh lagi, hubungan antara cara (means) dan hasil (ends) tidaklah sederhana. Selain itu juga dalam banyak kasus, suatu keputusan diambil melalui tawar-menawar dengan banyak pihak (multilateral bargaining), namun demikian melalui contoh-contoh yang diberikan dalam thesis ini, (dari lingkup yang besar/makro, seperti APBN; public expenditure management, maupun lingkup kecil/mikro, seperti proyek yang dibiayai JBIC) dapat diketahui rumitnya suatu proses pengambilan keputusan, sebagai akibat tarik-menarik dari berbagai kepentingan masing-masing stakeholders, baik di Indonesia maupun di negara donor (dalam hal ini Jepang).

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This thesis is based upon a descriptive-qualitative research supplemented by case study method. A study on the administration and public policy involving off-shore loan is conducted through an evaluation of Japan Bank for International Cooperation Loan (JBIC) for Indonesia. Considering the fact that public policy making process is a complex process where no known model can integrate all or even most variables relevant to public policy decision making, the choice of analytical approach for this thesis is qualitative.

The most central aspect in public policy processing is its implementation, the failure in ensuring the effective implementation of a policy will only, mean that the target of that policy will be far than reachable.

Through data and information accumulated, a clearer view and description of the patterns of relationship between and among dominant factors in administration and public policy making process related to off-shore loan can be obtained. Various information collected is classified according to the model introduced by Sharkansky, Ira (1978) and Saasa, Oliver- S. (1985). Both patterns explained the relation of input, process and output as well as feedback within a particular environment.

In light of this Sharkansky, Ira (1978) and Saasa, Oliver S. (1985) models are utilized simultaneously in describing item by item the administration and public policy making process related to off-shore loan.

The debate on benefits of off-shore loan for recipient countries is widely occurred among researchers, resulting in a pro and contra opinion of foreign loan contribution towards the economic growth of recipient countries. The debate also covers the issue of "selfish motivation" of donor countries. It 's a widely acknowledge fact that foreign loan is one of many potential sources of economic development, however its effectiveness depends on several factors which may not be entirely economic or relevant to the loan itself but may fall into the n on-economic category such a s a decision making process. In relation t o this, to observe administration and foreign loan policy issues factors related to macro and micro economic aspect must also be considered.

Although the government policies and programs are relatively difficult to measure, since program of this type has a somewhat broader definition, the policy can still be evaluated by conducting observation on several levels: policy level, program level and project level. Furthermore the relationship between means and ends is not as simple as commonly thought. In many cases decision is made through a process of multilateral bargaining, as a result, through the samples presented in this thesis, (from a macro scope, such as state budget,- public expenditure management as well as micro scope, such as project financed by JBIC) we will obtain a glimpse on the complexity of a decision making process as a result of clash of stakeholders interest both in the recipient and donor countries."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dari perbedaan jenis kepemilikan bank terhadap pertumbuhan pinjaman bank di kawasan ASEAN-5 saat krisis keuangan global periode 2008-2009 dan krisis sovereign debt di Eropa periode 2010-2013. Terdapat 3 jenis kepemilikan bank yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kepemilikan pemerintah, kepemilikan swasta domestik, dan kepemilikan asing. Peneliti menemukan bahwa dikedua periode krisis, bank milik pemerintah cenderung memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi daripada bank swasta domestik. Sedangkan, bank asing memiliki pertumbuhan pinjaman yang lebih rendah dibandingkan bank-bank domestik di kawasan ASEAN-5 saat terjadi krisis sovereign debt di Eropa. Akan tetapi, pada saat krisis keuangan global 2008-2009, pertumbuhan pinjaman bank asing di ASEAN-5 lebih tinggi dibandingkan bank milik pemerintah maupun bank swasta domestik Terdapat perbedaan perilaku antara bank asing dan bank domestik di ASEAN-5 selama periode krisis.

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This study aims to identify the impact of bank ownership types on the growth of bank lending in ASEAN 5 region during the 2008 2009 global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis 2010 2013. There are three types of bank ownership that used in this study state owned, private domestic owned, and foreign owned. This study found that the government owned banks had higher lending growth than domestic private owned banks during the crisis period. Meanwhile, foreign banks had lower bank lending growth than domestic banks in ASEAN 5 during the European sovereign debt crisis. However, during the global financial crisis, foreign owned banks in ASEAN 5 tend to lend more and had higher lending growth than government owned banks and domestic private banks. There are differences in the behavior of foreign and domestic banks in ASEAN 5 during the crisis."

"The year of 1997s witnessed a depreciation of domestic currency in many countries in Asia, including Indonesia. Finally in 1998, Indonesia got debt repayment ability problems and the economic crisis at the same time. Some economists found that the economic crisis caused by shocks in 1997 has been the major cause of the debt repayment inability. Meanwhile others argue that the debt problems in Indonesia have been the major cause of the economic. This invites question: Which of these contrary hypotheses are relevant for Indonesia case? Furthermore, how do Internal and External Shocks Effect Debt Crisis? For the case of Indonesia, this study found that shocks in exchange rate, domestic income and foreign income influence the loan demand and loan supply of Indonesia that finally caused the debt crisis. Defining Debt Crisis as a condition of excess demand (Loan Demand > Loan Supply) and use a rescheduling under duress as the working definition, this paper try to see what factors determined the loan demand and supply. Using Balance of Payments equation, this paper found identity equations determine loan demand. Any shocks over the variables determined these factors will finally be transmitted to loan demand and cause pressure to debt crisis. Using Vector Autoregression Model, this paper found significant relationship among the exchange rate, domestic income and foreign income and Export of goods and services, import of goods and services and direct foreign investment. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) provides further evidence that pressure for loan demand actually increased when depreciation occurred. It was caused trough its effect to export of goods and services, import of goods and services and direct foreign investment. The econometric results also show that there was a significant negative relationship between foreign income and loan demand, suggesting that an increase of foreign currency led to a lessening in pressure for debt crisis trough an increase in loan supply and a decrease in loan demand. Another finding is that an increase in domestic income will create pressure on debt repayment ability. This conclusion is supported by the positive relationship between domestic income and import showed by Impulse Response Function."