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"ABSTRAKModernization theories often imply that Americans' leisure has become more organized, commercial, and privatized, replacing informal, active, and public recreation. This study examines changes in leisure activities in three northern California towns between 1890 and 1940. It draws on published accounts, oral histories, and a numerical analysis of newspaper reports. The evidence suggests that all sorts of leisure activities increased during the half-century, most notably club-sponsored active recreation, such as sports and dances. Speculations about leisure history may err in assuming that one kind of activity necessarily displaces another. Instead, both the volume and variety of leisure activities probably increased in this era. "

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"Part I: Pastimes -- A good baduk player was welcome everywhere -- Gambling: the ruin of families -- Pastimes for boys -- Pastimes for girls -- Open-air pastimes for girls -- Pastimes for both sexes -- Men?s pastimes for discipline and martial prowess -- Part II: Customs -- Importance of clan affiliation -- The life of won gyeongha, a yangaban (a man of high birth) -- Seasonal customs -- Farmers? co-ops (dure) bring peasants together -- Banning luxury goods? the road to a strong, prosperous nation -- Part III: Insatiable curiosity about the future -- Predicting the future according to the secrets of tojeong (tojeong bigyeol) -- Forewarned is forearmed -- Peace of mind comes from abstinence -- Four pillars (saju) and physiognomy."