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"ABSTRAKMonetary policy is always a dynamic attribute on commodity prices in the economy. This article examines the empirical relationship between monetary policy and commodity price by employing a vector auto-regression (VAR) Model to show its response in the case of Pakistan. In this paper, the research philosophy is employed based on Positivism with Deductive approach to recognizing the response of monetary policy shocks on commodity price. Recently, low-interest rates and excessive liquidity play a dynamic role in affecting the prices of the commodities market. Furthermore, the impact of monetary policy rate show significant result and seems to be huge in the economy of Pakistan massively. Besides, there is a stable relationship between monetary policy instrument and commodity prices even though the current financial crisis."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ekspor minyak sawit terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia dan Malaysia dari tahun 1990 hingga 2021. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak ekspor minyak sawit terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Malaysia lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber otoritatif seperti Trademap, CEIC, Bank Dunia, dan IMF, dan melakukan analisis multi-regresi. Variabel yang dipertimbangkan dalam analisis adalah Produk Domestik Bruto, Ekspor Minyak Sawit, Total Ekspor, dan Nilai Tukar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari keempat variabel tersebut. Secara khusus, depresiasi nilai tukar berdampak positif terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto kedua negara.

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The objective of this research is to examine the effects of palm oil exports on the economic growth of Indonesia and Malaysia from 1990 to 2021. The analytical technique employed in this study is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The findings of this research indicate that the impact of palm oil exports on Malaysia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is greater compared to Indonesia. This study utilized secondary data obtained from authoritative sources such as Trademap, CEIC, World Bank, and IMF, and conducted a multi-regression analysis. The variables considered in the analysis were Gross Domestic Product, Palm Oil Export, Total Export, and Exchange Rate. The results of the analysis demonstrated a significant influence of all four variables mentioned. Notably, the depreciation of the exchange rate had a positive effect on the Gross Domestic Product of both countries."

"ABSTRAKStudi-studi model pertumbuhan ekonomi secara umum dijelaskan oleh variabel ekonomi makro dengan analisis kapital, populasi, dan ekspor. Pada kenyataannya, ekspor di setiap negara memiliki proporsi masing-masing sesuai dengan kemampuan manusia dan teknologi yang tersedia. Penelitian ini melibatkan FDI, sektor ekspor berteknologi tinggi dan non berteknologi tinggi, dan PDB pada 50 negara dalam periode 1992-2014. Hasil estimasi model empiris dengan menggunakan random effect model menunjukkan bahwa barang non berteknologi tinggi memberikan dampak positif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di semua negara penelitian. Ekspor berteknologi tinggi memberikan bantuan secara positif bagi PDB untuk beberapa negara melalui efek produktifitas.

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ABSTRACTEarlier studies of economic growth models are generally characterized by macroeconomics variable using the behavior of capital, population, and exports. Whereas exports in each country has the proportion of each in accordance with human capabilities and the availability of technology. This study involves FDI, high tech and non high tech exports, and GDP using the 50 countries in the period 1992 2014. The estimation results of an empirical model using random effect model shows that non high tech exports have a positive effect on economic growth in this research. High tech exports providing assistance positively to GDP for some countries through the productivity differential effects. "