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"Permintaan produk Oreo meningkat setelah iklan televisi produk tersebut menampilkan ritual mengonsumsi 'diputer, dijilat, dicelupin'. Penulis membuat penelitian untuk melihat pengaruh usia observer dan interaksinya dengan penggunaan panggilan kinship terhadap perilaku over-imitation pada anak berusia enam tahun (N = 100). Ritual mengonsumsi dan over-imitation merupakan dua hal yang berbeda, namun memiliki kesamaan, yakni keduanya terdiri dari beberapa sequence. Di dalam penelitian ini, ritual mengonsumsi ditampilkan dalam bentuk video animasi yang memvariasikan usia observer dan penggunaan panggilan kinship. Perilaku over-imitation yang diukur pada penelitian ini divariasikan menjadi dua, yaitu meniru gerakan dan verbal atau meniru gerakan saja. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa usia observer tidak mempengaruhi perilaku over- imitation secara signifikan. Akan tetapi, interaksi usia observer dewasa yang menggunakan panggilan kinship rupanya tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan demonstrasi langsung dalam mempengaruhi perilaku over-imitation, khususnya gerakan tanpa verbal. Penggunaan ritual mengonsumsi dalam bentuk video animasi tetap dapat digunakan untuk memasarkan produk baru kepada konsumen.

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here has been an increased demand for Oreo after they launch the advertisement that shows ritual consumption on how to eat an Oreo biscuit: 'Twist, lick, dunk'. The purpose of this research was to see the influence of observer’s age and the influence of interaction between observer’s age and kinship names on over- imitation behavior in children aged six years (N = 100). Ritual consumption and over-imitation are two different things, but they consist of several sequences.

In this study, the ritual consumption shown in an animation video that use of varying observer’s age and kinship names. The over-imitation which measured in this study varied into two; imitate movements and verbal or imitate movements without verbal.

The results showed that observer’s age on the video animation did not significantly influence the emergence of over-imitation behavior. Moreover, the scores in the control group who received live demonstration and the experimental group with father as an observer did not differ significantly. However, it is still recommended to use ritual consumption in an animation video to promote a new product to the consumer."

"Berfikir mengenai masa depan merupakan kemampuan kognitif yang mendasar pada manusia dan merupakan kemampuan yang sangatpenting. Mental Time Travel (MTT) merupakan kemampuan yang dimiliki manusia untuk merecall masa lalu dan memprediks imasa depan. Selain berfikir mengenai masa depan kemampuan untuk memprediksi mental state orang lain (Theory of Mind/ ToM) juga merupakan kemampuan yang mendasar yang harus dimiliki oleh manusia untuk membuat perencanaan, memprediksi masa depan serta mengantisipasi masalah yang akan dihadapi. Kedua kemampuan tersebut begitu penting dan mendasar pada manusia. Salah satu faktor yang diduga memberikan pengaruh terhadap MTT adalah perolehan ToM. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian lebih jauh untuk melihat bagaimana kontribusi perolehan ToM terhadap perkembangan MTT. Untuk melihat kontribusi perolehan ToM terhadap MTT dilakukan pengukuran MTT melalui 2 eksperimen (Verbal task dan Tool Task) serta pengukuran skala ToM yang dikembangkan oleh Wellman dan liu (2011) pada anak usia 3-5 tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh usia mulai berkembangnya MTT, urutan perolehan ToM serta kontribusi perolehan ToM terhadap MTT di mana Perolehan ToM memiliki kontribusi positif sebesar 28% terhadap perkembangan MTT.

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Thinking of the future is the human’s basic cognitive ability and it’s really important. Mental Time Travel (MTT) is ability to recalling the past and predict the future. Besides thinking of the future, ability to predict others mental state (Theory of Mind) is also the basic competence which humans should have in order to make a plan, predict a future and anticipated problem which will be faced. The two competences are really basic and important for human. One of factor which are assumed giving the influence on MTT is Theory of Mind (ToM) acquisition. Therefore, it is needed to do the future research to see how the contribution of ToM acquisition on MTT. In order to see the contribution ToM acquisition to MTT, the researcher did MTT measurement by doing two eksperiment (verbal task and tool task) and ToM measurement develop by Wellman & Liu (2011) on the 3-5 year children. The result of the research are when MTT develops, the sequence of ToM acquisition and the contribution of ToM acquisition on MTT, which is the ToM acquisition has positive contribution 28% on Mental Time Travel."

"Perkembangan kognitif pada anak dimulai dengan meniru perilaku orang tua. Perilaku meniru menjadi salah satu cara manusia untuk dapat bertahan hidup. Tesis ini membahas bentuk baru perilaku meniru yaitu over imitation. Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan pada 250 orang anak usia 7 dan 8 tahun untuk mengetahui pengaruh usia model terhadap perilaku over imitation. Perilaku over imitation diamati setelah anak menonton video animasi mengenai mainan dengan usia model yang divariasikan menjadi anak-anak dan dewasa. Meskipun hasil perhitungan statistik tidak menunjukan perbedaan mean yang signifikan namun hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan model yang lebih ditiru anak adalah model anak-anak. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan penggunaan video animasi sebagai media belajar bagi anak usia 7 dan 8 tahun.

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Children cognitive development started by watching what their parents do. Imitaion is one important thing for human to survive. This thesis is about one new form of imitation called over imitation. Experimental research was done to 250 children ages 7 and 8 to know how the age of model in animation video can influence over imitation. Over imitation was observed after the participant watched a video about toy and the model age was varied to child and adult. Altough the statistical calculation did not showing any significant result but at least this research give us a view that chlidrend tend to follow other children as a model than adult model. This research also suggest to use animation video as one media for teaching childeren age 7 and 8."

"From antiquity to the present, the theory and practice of imitation have been central to the construction of art. Yet despite a growing body of recent work, imitation is still commonly confused with the practice of copying. This misunderstanding is detrimental to the many kinds of replication that are negatively compared with notions of originality and authenticity, such as appropriation, quotation, reproduction, citation and reference. Nevertheless it is the act of repetition that confers the quality of originality and authenticity on the model in the first place --- a paradoxical gesture of demarcation that serves to establish a representational hierarchy between imitation and model. This reinforces the perception that all forms of imitation necessarily run counter to the idea of innovation or emulation.This collection of essays challenges these prejudices by bringing to bear a perspective that reveals the ubiquity of the practice of imitation across cultures while underlining the homology of theories of imitation from within the various historical and geographical positions that are investigated. Leading scholars bring light to a broad range of areas, some of which have been little researched in the past, providing an invaluable text for undergraduates and scholars of art history, visual studies, and aesthetics, and museum professionals."