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"Sistem Pembelajaran Alternatif (ALS) telah menyebabkan berlakunya percanggahan pendapat berkenaan membaca dalam kalangan guru (penunjuk ajar). Program ini merupakan inisiatif kerajaan Filipina bagi melengkapkan remaja lepasan sekolah dengan empat kemahiran utama untuk lulus ujian penempatan dan setara. Audit pengetahuan yang dijalankan ke atas penunjuk ajar ALS yang terpilih di Dasmarinas, Cavite telah mendapati cara kerja dan pengetahuan teknikal dalam kalangan penunjuk ajar adalah tidak selaras. Ini meliputi dari segi aspek pembacaan dan ujian membaca ALS serta pedagogi antara ALS dan pembelajaran formal di dalam kelas. Terdapat beberapa perkara yang perlu dberi penekanan seperti pemahaman misi serta visi ALS dalam konteks pengajaran membaca, kebolehdapatan dan penyelenggaraan fasiliti serta penilaian membaca terhadap pelajar. Penentuan dan analisis perkara-perkara tersebut adalah bagi mempertingkat program membaca di Dasmarinas, Cavite yang merangkumi kemajuan pengajaran ALS yang berkait rapat dengan pembacaan dan pengajaran membaca, pendekatan genre dalam pengajaran ALS terhadap peserta dan penyediaan fasiliti yang akan menggalakkan budaya membaca dalam kalangan peserta dan lulusan. Pelaksanaan perkara-perkara tersebut seharusnya mampu membangunkan modal insan dan pembangunan komuniti secara mapan."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara traits dan teacher efficacy pada guru sekolah alam di jenjang pendidikan dasar. Pengukuran traits menggunakan alat ukur NEO-PI (McCrae & Costa, 2003) yang telah dimodifikasi oleh peneliti dan pengukuran teacher efficacy menggunakan alat ukur teacher efficacy scale (Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy & Hoy‟s, 1998). Partisipan berjumlah 42 orang guru sekolah alam yang memiliki karakteristik telah mengajar minimal 1 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara trait neuroticism dan teacher efficacy (r = -.537; p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01). Artinya, semakin tinggi trait neuroticism guru sekolah alam, maka semakin rendah teacher efficacy yang dimilikinya. Hasil yang berbeda ditemukan pada korelasi antara trait extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableaness, conscientiousness dan teacher efficacy yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan (r = .402, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 untuk trait extraversion; r = .464, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 untuk trait openness to experience, r = .579, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 untuk trait agreeableaness, r = .693, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 untuk trait conscientiousness). Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi trait extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableaness, dan conscientiousness guru sekolah alam, maka semakin tinggi pula dalam menampilkan teacher efficacy. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, perlu dilakukan screening kepribadian ketika perekrutan guru sekolah alam. Selain itu, guru sekolah juga perlu diberi intervensi sejak dini untuk meningkatkan teacher efficacy.

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AbstractThis research was conducted to find the correlation between nature traits and teacher efficacy in hatural schools teachers. Traits was measured using a modification instrument named NEO-PI (McCrae & Costa, 2003) and teacher efficacy was measured using a modification instrument named teacher efficacy scale (Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy & Hoy‟s, 1998). The participants of this research are 42 teachers of natural schools who have teaching experince minimal one year. The main results of this research show that trait neuroticism negatively correlated significantly with teacher efficacy (r = -.537; p = 0.000, significant at L.o.S 0.01). This is mean that higher trait neuroticism of natural school‟s teachers, so their teacher efficacy will be lower. But, another traits (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableaness, conscientiousness) show that they are positively correlated significantly with teacher efficacy (r = .402, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 for trait extraversion, r = .464, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 for trait openness to experience, r = .579, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 for trait agreeableaness, r = .693, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01 for trait conscientiousness). This is mean that higher trait extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableaness, conscientiousness of natural school‟s teachers, so their teacher efficacy will be higher too. Based on these results, natural school ought to held a personality screening in recruitment and give intervention, such as training or seminar to teachers that can increase teacher efficacy."

"[ABSTRAKSalah satu karakteristik anak usia prasekolah ialah adanya perkembangan yang sangat pesat pada kemampuan regulasi diri. Studi-studi terbaru menunjukkan kemampuan ini penting dimiliki anak usia prasekolah sebagai pembelajaran dasar yang dapat memudahkan anak saat transisi menuju ke pendidikan yang lebih formal. Kemampuan ini dapat berkembang atau tidak secara optimal bergantung pada pemberian stimulus yang diberikan oleh lingkungan sekitar khususnya melalui pendidikan anak usia dini karena anak di masa ini mulai bersekolah dengan harapan meraka mulai dapat menyenangi kegiatan belajar. Pengembangan kemampuan regulasi diri di sekolah usia dini sangat melibatkan peran guru melalui kegiatan-kegiatan harian yang dirancangnya. Bagaimana praktik yang guru terapkan dalam keseharian ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh teachers? beliefs yang dimiliki guru terhadap kemampuan regulasi diri anak. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk memahami cara seseorang mengajar dan berinteraksi, kita harus menyadari terlebih dahulu beliefs yang mendasari perilakunya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kemampuan regulasi diri dan teachers? beliefs terhadap regulasi diri anak pada usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Regulasi diri pada anak usia prasekolah diukur menggunakan challenge task, sedangkan teachers? beliefs terhadap regulasi diri anak diukur menggunakan alat ukur yang dibuat oleh peneliti dengan berdasarkan pengertian dari teachers? beliefs dan komponen regulasi diri.Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 39 orang anak prasekolah yang berasal dari sekolah yang berbeda-beda di Depok, Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa teachers? beliefs yang dimiliki guru terhadap kemampuan regulasi diri anak usia prasekolah berperan dalam pembentukan kemampuan regulasi diri anak. Guru dengan teachers? beliefs terhadap kemampuan regulasi diri anak usia prasekolah yang tinggi akan membentuk anak didik yang memiliki kemampuan regulasi diri yang baik.ABSTRACTOne of the characteristic of preschool age children is their tremendous progress on development of self-regulation ability. Some recent studies showed that the ability is very important for a preschool age children to have during their transition toward a more formal stage of education. The optimal development rate of this abilty depend on the stimulation that is given to the children, specifically through the preschool education because in this period, they started to go to school expecting that they like the learning activity. Developing the ability of self regulation in preschool age deeply involved teacher?s role through the daily activities that they designed. The practices that teachers implement in these daily activities excessively influenced by teachers? beliefs which they have toward students? self regulation, and to understand the way someone teach and have interaction, we have to analyze the beliefs that underlied teachers? behavior. To see that purpose, teachers? beliefs toward self-regulation and the self regulation ability preschool age children. This research is done using the quantitative methods. Self regulation on preschool age children is measured using a challenge task, whereas teachers? beliefs on children?s self regulation measured using measuring tools that have made by researcher based on the definition of teachers? beliefs and self regulation components. Respondent of this research is 39 preschool age children registered in different schools in Depok, West Java. Based on research?s result, its clear that teachers? beliefs which teachers have toward preschool age children?s self regulation involved in the development of children?s ability of self regulation. Teachers with high score of teachers? beliefs toward preschool age children?s self regulation will develop the children with good self regulation ability.;One of the characteristic of preschool age children is their tremendous progress on development of self-regulation ability. Some recent studies showed that the ability is very important for a preschool age children to have during their transition toward a more formal stage of education. The optimal development rate of this abilty depend on the stimulation that is given to the children, specifically through the preschool education because in this period, they started to go to school expecting that they like the learning activity. Developing the ability of self regulation in preschool age deeply involved teacher?s role through the daily activities that they designed. The practices that teachers implement in these daily activities excessively influenced by teachers? beliefs which they have toward students? self regulation, and to understand the way someone teach and have interaction, we have to analyze the beliefs that underlied teachers? behavior. To see that purpose, teachers? beliefs toward self-regulation and the self regulation ability preschool age children. This research is done using the quantitative methods. Self regulation on preschool age children is measured using a challenge task, whereas teachers? beliefs on children?s self regulation measured using measuring tools that have made by researcher based on the definition of teachers? beliefs and self regulation components. Respondent of this research is 39 preschool age children registered in different schools in Depok, West Java. Based on research?s result, its clear that teachers? beliefs which teachers have toward preschool age children?s self regulation involved in the development of children?s ability of self regulation. Teachers with high score of teachers? beliefs toward preschool age children?s self regulation will develop the children with good self regulation ability., One of the characteristic of preschool age children is their tremendous progress on development of self-regulation ability. Some recent studies showed that the ability is very important for a preschool age children to have during their transition toward a more formal stage of education. The optimal development rate of this abilty depend on the stimulation that is given to the children, specifically through the preschool education because in this period, they started to go to school expecting that they like the learning activity. Developing the ability of self regulation in preschool age deeply involved teacher’s role through the daily activities that they designed. The practices that teachers implement in these daily activities excessively influenced by teachers’ beliefs which they have toward students’ self regulation, and to understand the way someone teach and have interaction, we have to analyze the beliefs that underlied teachers’ behavior. To see that purpose, teachers’ beliefs toward self-regulation and the self regulation ability preschool age children. This research is done using the quantitative methods. Self regulation on preschool age children is measured using a challenge task, whereas teachers’ beliefs on children’s self regulation measured using measuring tools that have made by researcher based on the definition of teachers’ beliefs and self regulation components. Respondent of this research is 39 preschool age children registered in different schools in Depok, West Java. Based on research’s result, its clear that teachers’ beliefs which teachers have toward preschool age children’s self regulation involved in the development of children’s ability of self regulation. Teachers with high score of teachers’ beliefs toward preschool age children’s self regulation will develop the children with good self regulation ability.]"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh: (1) supervisi kepala sekolah terhadap disiplin guru SMK Negeri se Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, (2) etos kerja terhadap disiplin guru SMK Negeri se Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, (3) supervisi kepala sekolah terhadap etos kerja guru SMK Negeri se Kabupaten Lampung Tengah.Jenis penelitian ini berdasarkan tujuannya termasuk penelitian eksplanatif, karena ingin menjelaskan hubungan pola-pola yang berbeda tetapi ada keterkaitan serta menghasilkan pola hubungan sebab akibat. Dalam hal ini Supervisi kepala sekolah sebagai variabel bebas ( X1 ) berpengaruh terhadap disiplin guru sebagai variabel terikat ( Y ), dan Etos kerja sebagai variabel bebas ( X2 ) berpengaruh terhadap disiplin guru sebagai variabel terikat ( Y ).Berdasakan hasil penelitian disimpulkan: (1) supervisi kepala sekolah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin guru. (2) Etos kerja berpengaruh terhadap disiplin guru. (3) supervisi kepala sekolah berengaruh terhadap Etos kerja.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of: (1) the principal supervision towards the discipline of all teachers of State Vocational High School s in Central Lampung Regency, (2) Working Ethos towards the discipline of all teachers of State Vocational High School s in Central Lampung Regency, (3) the principal supervision towards the work ethos of all teachers of State Vocational High School s in Central Lampung Regency.This research is a quantitative research. Based on its purpose of this research belongs to explanative research because it explains the relationship of the different patterns, but there is relationship and produces the pattern of casual relationships. In this case the principal?s supervision is as the independent variable (X1) and work ethos as the independent variable (X2) determine towards the teachers discipline as the independent variable (Y).The result of the study shows: (1) the principal supervision significantly effects towards the discipline of teachers, (2) Work ethos significantly effects towards teachers discipline, and (3) principals supervision significantly effects towards work ethos. And (4) principals supervision and work ethos significantly effects alltogether towards the discipline of teachers."

"Pemerintah berupaya menciptakan guru berkualitas yang memiliki kinerja baik. Berbagai kebijakan pemerintah telah diupayakan dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru, diantaranya adalah memberikan tunjangan guru melalui melalui sertifikasi guru. Pemerintah mengalokasikan anggaran yang cukup besar untuk peningkatan kinerja guru melalui sertifikasi guru ini, tetapi pada kenyataannya kinerja guru masih rendah. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja guru dipengaruhi oleh kompetensi dan motivasi guru. Penelitian ini menguji secara empiris pengaruh kompetensi dan motivasi guru terhadap kinerja guru SMK Negeri di kabupaten Tangerang, Banten. Penelitian ini melibatkan 112 guru SMK yang telah bersertifikasi pendidik. Data diolah menggunakan analisis Regresi Linier Berganda, dengan variabel independen adalah kompetensi dan motivasi guru, dan variabel dependennya adalah kinerja guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru; 2) motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru; 3) kompetensi dan motivasi guru bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru SMK Negeri di Kabupaten Tangerang. Tingkat kompetensi dan motivasi guru berada dalam kategori sedang. Pemerintah perlu menstimulasi guru agar tunjangan profesi guru yang sudah disalurkan dapat digunakan oleh guru untuk mengikuti program-program yang dapat meningkatkan kompetensi mereka dan dapat memotivasi mereka dalam pengembangan profesi sebagai guru. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengkaji faktor-faktor lain di luar kompetensi dan motivasi guru yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja guru sehingga peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia bisa.

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The government has undertaken many efforts to improve quality of national education by improving quality of teachers. Teachers should have a good performance when conducting their tasks and responsibilities. Good teacher performance has an important role in ensuring the quality of schools. Previous studies showed that teachers performance was influenced by teacher competence and motivation. To improve teacher performance, the government issued a policy to certify teachers. Certified teachers can earn additional teacher incentives besides their monthly salary. The teacher certification policy was expected to enhance teacher competence and motivation, hence, teacher performance. The government had allocated a a lot of budget to enhance teacher performance. However, its result was not satisfying yet. This study tested the influence of teacher competence and motivation on performance. This study involved 112 certified teachers from vocational schools in Tangerang Regency, Banten. Data were analyzed using multiple linier regression, in which teacher competence and motivation as the independent variables while teacher performance as the dependent variable.

Results showed that (1) there were a positive and significant association between competence and teacher performance; (2) there was a positive connection between motivation and teacher performance; and (3) competence and motivation simultaneously influence to teacher performance in the context of vocational teachers in Tangerang Regency. The level of competence and motivation of vocational teachers in Tangerang Regency in the category of moderates. The government should stimulate teachers to use the incentive for improving teacher competence and motivating their professional development. This study was subject to limitation as the variables included in this research are competence and motivation affecting teacher performance. Future study should examine other factors influencing teacher performance. "

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas penggunaan pertanyaan dan pemberian waktu tunggu oleh seorang pengajar bahasa Inggris yang belum berpengalaman dan seorang pengajar bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman pada tingkat sekolah menengah atas. Tipe pertanyaan pada penelitian ini diklasifikasi berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom Anderson Krathwohl, 2001 . Waktu tunggu diklasifikasi menjadi waktu tunggu untuk pertanyaan yang langsung mendapatkan respon waktu tunggu I dan waktu tunggu II dan untuk pertanyaan yang tidak langsung mendapatkan respon waktu tunggu I fase I-II dan waktu tunggu II . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari hasil observasi kelas, catatan lapangan, dan daftar cek observasi kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, pengajar yang belum berpengalaman mengajukan tipe pertanyaan mengingat, memahami, mengaplikasikan, dan menganalisis. Pengajar yang berpengalaman mengajukan tipe pertanyaan mengingat, memahami, mengaplikasikan, menganalisis, dan mengevaluasi. Kedua, tingkat kognitif pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh pengajar yang belum berpengalaman dan pengajar yang berpengalaman hanya mempengaruhi lama waktu tunggu I untuk pertanyaan yang langsung mendapatkan respon. Tingkat kognitif pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh kedua pengajar tidak berkaitan dengan lama waktu tunggu I fase I-II dan waktu tunggu II untuk pertanyaan yang tidak langsung mendapatkan respon. Ketiga, tipe pertanyaan yang memfasilitasi partisipasi pemelajar adalah tipe pertanyaan mengingat, memahami, mengaplikasikan, dan menganalisis. Keempat, pemberian waktu tunggu kurang dari tiga detik menduduki posisi tertinggi, baik untuk pertanyaan yang langsung mendapatkan respon maupun tidak langsung mendapatkan respon. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan pengunaan tipe pertanyaan dan pemberian waktu tunggu oleh pengajar yang belum berpengalaman dan pengajar yang berpengalaman. Kata kunci: penggunaan pertanyaan, pemberian waktu tunggu, pengajar berpengalaman dan belum berpengalaman, pengajar bahasa asing.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the use of questions and the allotment of wait time by the inexperienced English teacher and the experienced English teacher at high school level. Types of questions in this study were classified according to Bloom Taxonomy Anderson Krathwohl, 2001 . Types of wait time were classified into questions with direct response wait time I and wait time II and questions with indirect response wait time I phase I II and wait time II . This study is a case study with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The instruments used to collect data were classroom observation, field notes, and classroom observation check list. The results show that first, the types of questions asked by the inexperienced teacher were remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing. The types of questions asked by the experienced teacher were remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, and evaluating. Second, cognitive levels of questions asked by the inexperienced teacher and an experienced teacher only affected the length of wait time I for questions with direct response. Cognitive levels of questions asked by both teachers did not correspond to the length of wait time I phase I II and wait time II for question with indirect response. Third, the types of questions that facilitated learners rsquo participation were remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing questions. Fourth, the allotment of wait time of less than three seconds took the highest position, both for the questions with direct response and for the questions with indirect response. In conclusion, there is no difference in the use of questions and the allotment of wait time by the inexperienced English teacher and the experienced English teacher. Keywords the use of questions, the allotment of wait time, experienced and inexperienced teachers, foreign language teachers"