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"How did ministers, journalists, academics, artists, and subjects in the German lands imagine war during the nineteenth century? The Napoleonic Wars had been the bloodiest in Europes history, directly affecting millions of Germans, yet their long-term consequences on individuals and on politics are still poorly understood. This study makes sense of contemporaries memories and histories of the revolutionary and Napoleonic campaigns within a much wider context of press reportage of wars elsewhere in Europe and overseas, debates about military service and the reform of Germanys armies, revolution and counter-revolution, and individuals experiences of violence and death in their everyday lives. For the majority of the populations of the German states, wars during an era of conscription were not merely a matter of history and memory; rather, they concerned subjects hopes, fears, and expectations of the future. This is the second volume of Mark Hewitsons study of the violence of war in the German lands during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It investigates the complex relationship between military conflicts and the violent acts of individual soldiers. In particular, it considers the contradictory impact of pacification in civilian life and exposure to increasingly destructive technologies of killing during wartime. This contradiction reached its nineteenth-century apogee during the wars of unification, leaving an ambiguous imprint on post-war discussions of military conflict."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perpetuasi supremasi kulit putih di film Star Wars: The Force Awakens, film ketujuh dalam seri film Star Wars. Walaupun Star Wars VII telah dirayakan sebagai film yang memberdayakan perempuan dan orang-orang selain kulit putih karena diperkenalkannya banyak pemain-pemain utama baru dan perempuan sebagai tokoh utama, rasisme masih ada dalam film ini. Dengan menggunakan teori CRT, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa karakter-karakter selain kulit putih dan makhluk luar angkasa memiliki karakteristik yang negatif, sedangkan karakter-karakter kulit putih digambarkan secara positif. Selain penggambaran yang berbeda, karakter-karakter kulit putih melakukan aksi rasis kepada karakter-karakter yang bukan kulit putih, sedangkan karakter-karakter kulit putih menunjukan sikap yang sopan dan santun kepada sesamanya dalam berinteraksi dengan satu sama lain. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa karakter-karakter bukan kulit putih menjadi bawahan karakter-karakter kulit putih untuk mewujudkan keinginan karakter-karakter kulit putih. Oleh karena itu, bisa disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya perbedaan penggambaran, perbedaan sikap, dan subordinasi karakter-karakter bukan kulit putih, supremasi kulit putih diperkuat dalam film ini.

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b>ABSTRACTThis research aims to scrutinize white supremacy perpetuation in Star Wars The Force Awakens, the seventh movie on the franchise. Even though Star Wars VII has been celebrated as an empowering movie for women and people of color due to the debut of new main characters and a female as the protagonist, racism is still a prevalent issue in this movie. By using critical race theory CRT , the research found that people of color and extra terrestrials characters embody negative characteristics, while the whites are positively portrayed. Besides the distinguishable portrayals, the white characters do racist acts to the non white characters, whereas the whites show positive attitude in interacting with one another. Furthermore, the study learns that the white need the non white as their subordinates in order to fulfill the white rsquo s goals. Thus, it can be concluded that with the distinct portrayals, different attitude, and subordination of the non white, white supremacy is strengthened in this movie. "

"Wara Susila adalah majalah bulanan terbitan Muhammadijah (Trunasuran) Solo. Majalah ini berisi berbagai macam hal yang khusus ditujukan untuk kaum wanita, seperti antara lain: tutuladhan Isarah mengenai dasar atau akar kemajuan wanita, derajat wanita dalam agama Islam, dan sebagainya."