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"The protection of intellectual property rughts in developing countries has been problematic since the genesis of the international system in the nineteenth century. From the moment a select group of European countries concluded a multilateral agreement for the protection of industrial property in 1883, non- Western societies, principally in Africa and Asia, were swept under the aegis of the international intellectual property system through the agency of colonial rule. "

"This book focuses on current subcontracting practices in the construction industry and their effects on Singapore’s construction productivity. It offers readers a better understanding of how the fragmentation of large and small firms in Singapore impacts construction productivity when operating under the commonly adopted multilayer subcontracting system (MLSS), which extends globally to the construction industries in other countries that have adopted the MLSS. The book also assesses the effectiveness of subcontracting practices in helping local contractors improve their construction productivity (and thereby improve the industry’s overall productivity). In closing, it provides recommendations on how the problems associated with the MLSS can best be addressed, and how its benefits can be capitalized on through organizational learning."