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"With an estimated ninety-five percent of the world's armed conflicts occurring within individual states, resolution and prevention of internal conflicts represent a main driver of global peace. Peace negotiations stand outside the traditional formalism of lawmaking and represent a uniquely privileged moment to observe the rise or adjustment of the legal framework of a given state. Based in a socio-legal and pluralistic understanding of law, this book explores the normative dynamics of peace negotiations. It argues that the role of law in the peaceful resolution of internal armed conflicts has been greatly underestimated and that legal theory can and should contribute to a better comprehension of these processes. Including thematic case studies from Darfur, North-South Sudan, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Colombia, Sri Lanka, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, Bosnia and Israel-Palestine, this volume will be of use to scholars, students and affiliates of international organizations and non-governmental organizations."

"Islamic Banking as one of the systems favored by Muslim countries, especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Through time, there are still a number of problems regarding the resolution of Islamic Banking disputes. In this study, the two countries will have to deal with issues concerning the dispute resolution of Islamic Banking disputes and also the extent of the authority of the Religious Courts in each country to handle the settlement of Islamic Banking disputes. This research was conducted based on the normative juridical method through the analysis of relevant regulations from each country, also referring to some literature. The results of this study will be explained in the form of recommendations that will be addressed to certain parties in Indonesia and Malaysia including the Government to improve the implementation of Sharia Banking Dispute Resolution.

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Perbankan Syariah sebagai salah satu sistem yang disukai oleh negara-negara yang beragama Islam, terutama Indonesia dan Malaysia. Melalui waktu, masih ada beberapa masalah tentang penyelesaian sengketa Perbankan Syariah. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dibahas masalah-masalah yang harus diatasi oleh kedua negara mengenai resolusi perselisihan Perbankan Syariah dan juga sejauh mana kewenangan Pengadilan Agama di masing-masing negara untuk menangani penyelesaian perselisihan Perbankan Syariah. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan metode yuridis normatif melalui analisis peraturan yang relevan dari masing-masing negara, juga mengacu pada beberapa literatur. Hasil penelitian ini akan dijelaskan dalam bentuk rekomendasi yang akan ditujukan pada pihak-pihak tertentu di Indonesia dan Malaysia termasuk Pemerintah untuk meningkatkan implementasi Resolusi Perselisihan Perbankan Syariah."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penyelenggaraan transaksi e-commerce dalam lingkup Business to Consumer dan penyelesaian sengketanya melalui metode Online Dispute Resolution. Perkembangan teknologi membuat penyelenggaraan transaksi perdagangan semakin modern. Dengan menggunakan internet, setiap orang dapat bertransaksi secara bebas dan melewati batas-batas geografis. Namun demikian, pemanfaatan teknologi dalam transaksi e-commerce tetap memiliki resiko sengketa. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang dapat mengakomodir kepentingan para pihak dalam transaksi e-commerce. Kedudukan konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce juga menjadi sangat penting karena konsumen memiliki kedudukanyang lemah dalam bertransaksi dengan pelaku usaha. Dengan demikian, penyelenggaraan transaksi e-commerce dan penyelesaian sengketanya juga harus mempertimbangkan upaya perlindungan terhadap konsumen. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai ketentuan hukum di bidang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE), Perlindungan Konsumen, dan Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan transaksi e-commerce dalam lingkup B2C. selain itu peran BPSK dalam penyelesaian sengketa konsumen juga dibahas dalam hal penyelesaian sengeketa transaksi e-commerce dalam lingkup B2C. Terakhir, penelitian ini akan membahas model ODR yang diterapkan di China oleh China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commision (CIETAC) berdasarkan CIETAC Online Arbitration Rules.

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This thesis discussed application of B2C e-commerce transaction and its dispute resolution through online dispute resolution mechanism. The development of information technology around the world have made trading transaction more modern than ever. E-commerce now is a global phenomenon that makes peoples use internet to make a deal. Using internet, nowadays, peoples can communicate freely and make a cross border transaction. However, e-commerce transaction have risk of dispute. Therefore, there should be a dispute resolution mechanism which accommodate every party in e-commerce transaction. Consumer also have a significant role in developing e-commerce. Consumer is always been in a weak position when dealing with business in e-commerce transaction. Consequently, the performance of e-commerce transaction must also cover the consumer protection. This research describe the legal provision concerning B2C e-commerce in ICT aspect, consumer protection aspect, and arbitration and altervative dispute resolution aspect. It also describe the roles of BPSK as the consumer dispute resolution body in settling B2C e-commerce dispute. And in the last part, this research will also discussed about the relevant model of ODR which is applied in China by China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) through CIETAC Online Arbitration Rules."

"Skripsi ini membahas praktik Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR dalam penyelesaian sengketa pajak di Indonesia dan hambatannya Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat praktik ADR dalam penyelesaian sengketa pajak di Indonesia berupa Arbitrase dalam kerangka MAP dalam P3B Indonesia ndash Meksiko dan Pembahasan dengan Tim Quality Assurance Pemeriksaan Tim QAP Hambatan dalam praktik arbitrase yaitu sifatnya yang optional posisinya dalam MAP biaya yang timbul dan tidak adanya ketentuan lebih lanjut Hambatan dalam pembahasan dengan Tim QAP yaitu konflik peran yang mempengaruhi impartiality dan neutrality Hasil penelitian menyarankan adanya ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai arbitrase penambahan klausul arbitrase dalam P3B Indonesia dengan negara lainnya pergantian sumber daya Tim QAP perubahan dalam Undang undang KUP serta pengadopsian Accelerated Issue Resolution AIR dan Dispute Resolution Panel DRP sebagai ADR di Indonesia

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This study discusses practice of Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR and its issues in Indonesia rsquo s tax dispute resolution system The approach used is qualitative decsriptive method The result indicates arbitration in MAP framework contained in Indonesia ndash Mexico Tax Treaty and the Discussion with Examination Quality Assurance Team QAP Team as pratice of ADR in Indonesia Issues relating arbitration are its optional nature its position in MAP costs arised and lack of further regulation Issue in QAP Team is its lack of impartiality and neutrality The researcher suggests that further regulation of arbitration should be made additional arbitration clause in other Indonesia Tax Treaties is needed change of QAP Team should be considered change in General Tax Provision and Procedure Law should be made and AIR and DRP should be adopted as ADR in Indonesia "