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"Asam lemak adalah salah satu komponen penyusun minyak lemak. Komposisi asam lemak dalam minyak lemak berbeda satu dengan yang lain. Analisis dengan kromatografi gas secara langsung akan membutuhkan waktu analisis yang lama karena titik didih asam lemak yang sangat tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan derivatisasi sebelum dianalisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi analisis optimum asam laurat, asam oleat, dan asam palmitat agar diperoleh metode yang valid yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menetapkan kadar minyak lemak dalam produk obat gosok. Derivatisasi dilakukan dengan metode esterifikasi Lepage menggunakan reagen metanol-toluen 4:1 (v/v) dan katalis asetil klorida. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi gas dengan kolom VB-wax (60 m x 0,32 mm), suhu kolom terprogram 170-190°C, kenaikan 20C/menit dan dipertahankan selama 3 menit. Suhu injektor dan suhu detektor masing-masing 230 dan 250°C; laju alir gas helium 1,2 ml/menit, volume penyuntikan 1,0 μl, dan dideteksi dengan detektor ionisasi nyala. Pada kondisi optimum waktu retensi laurat termetilasi adalah 4,32 menit dengan faktor ikutan 1,36. Waktu retensi palmitat termetilasi adalah 6,723 menit, faktor ikutan 1,32. Waktu retensi oleat termetilasi adalah 9,789 menit, faktor ikutan 1,44. Metode yang diperoleh valid dengan presisi (KV) antara 0,11-0,36%, dan uji perolehan kembali 98,22-102,00%. Sampel A mengandung minyak kelapa dengan kadar rata-rata 49,95% , sampel B mengandung minyak zaitun dengan kadar rata-rata 18,99% , sampel C tidak mengandung minyak lemak.

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Fatty acid is one of the components that builds up the structure of lipid such as fat and oils. Each fatty acid composition present in lipid is different with one and another. Direct analysis performed by means of gas chromatography will require longer analysis time due to relatively high melting point of fatty acids hence derivatization is to be conducted in advance. This research was performed to achieve optimum analytical condition in order to obtain valid method which is required for subsequent determination of fatty acid contents present in liniment products. Derivatization was conducted by Lepage esterification using reagent such as methanol-toluene 4:1 (v/v) and acetyl chloride which was served as catalyst. On the other hand, the analysis process was done by gas chromatography using VB-wax column (60m x 0.32mm), the temperature of the column was set at 170-190°C with the increase of 2°C and was kept for 3 minutes. The temperature of injector and detector were 230 and 250°C, respectively; the flow rate of helium was 1.2 ml/minute with 1.0μl injection volume and detected by flame ionization detector. At the optimum condition, the retention time of methylated lauric and palmitic were 4.32 minutes with tailing factor of 1.36 and 6.723 minutes with tailing factor of 1.36, respectively. Meanwhile, the retention time required for methylated oleic was 9.789 minutes tailing factor of 1.44. The acquired method was valid within precision (CV) of 0.11-0.36%, and the approximate result of recovery test was 98.22-102.00%. The average content of coconut oil in sample A was 49.95%, the average content of olive oil in sample B was 18.99 %, meanwhile sample C had no fatty oil."

"ABSTRAKPenggunaan minyak goreng oleh masyarakat meningkatkan produksi minyak jelantah. Pembuangan minyak jelantah secara langsung ke saluran air menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Biodegradasi minyak jelantah diperlukan untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Bacillus cereus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa diketahui merupakan bakteri yang efektif mendegradasi minyak jelantah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan kultur tunggal dan campuran B. cereus InaCC B284 serta P. aeruginosa InaCC B290 dalam degradasi minyak jelantah. Biodegradasi dilakukan menggunakan medium BHB dengan minyak jelantah konsentrasi 25 v/v selama 23 hari pada suhu ruang 27--30 C . Parameter nilai optical density OD , pH, dissolved oxygen DO , dan kadar asam lemak diukur selama proses biodegradasi. Perlakuan perbedaan kultur bakteri menghasilkan peningkatan signifikan P < 0,05 nilai OD, penurunan signifikan P < 0,05 nilai pH, dan penurunan tidak signifikan nilai DO P > 0,05 selama biodegradasi. Analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif asam lemak menggunakan Gas Chromatography GC menunjukkan bahwa kultur tunggal B. cereus InaCC B284 mampu mendegradasi tujuh 7 jenis asam lemak, kultur tunggal P. aeruginosa InaCC B290 mampu mendegradasi empat 4 jenis asam lemak, dan kultur campuran mampu mendegradasi sebelas 11 jenis asam lemak.

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ABSTRACT<>br> The use of cooking oil by various communities increased the production of used cooking oil. The disposal of used cooking oil directly into waterways causes environmental pollution. Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were known to be effective for degrading used cooking oil. Used cooking oil biodegradation is needed to reduce environmental pollution. The research was carried out to determine the capability of single and mixed cultures of B. cereus InaCC B284 and P. aeruginosa InaCC B290 in the degradation of used cooking oil. Biodegradation process was carried out using Bushnell Haas Broth BHB medium containing 25 v v used cooking oil for 23 days at room temperature 27 30 C . Optical density OD , pH, dissolved oxygen DO , and fatty acid content measured during the biodegradation process. Different bacterial cultures treatment resulted in the significant increase of OD P 0.05 , the significant decrease of pH P 0.05 , and the insignificant decrease of DO P 0.05 during the biodegradation. Qualitative and quantitative fatty acid analysis using Gas Chromatography GC revealed that single culture of B. cereus InaCC B284 was able to degrade seven 7 types of fatty acids, single culture of P. aeruginosa InaCC B290 was able to degrade four 4 types of fatty acids, and mixed cultures were able to degrade eleven 11 types of fatty acids. "

"Pada penelitian ini, telah dibuat gemuk bio food grade berbasis turunan minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan thickener sabun kalsium kompleks, yang merupakan campuran sabun Ca-asetat dan Ca-hidroksi stearat dengan variasi rasio mol sabun Ca-asetat/Ca-hidroksi stearat = (0-6). Gemuk tersebut dibuat dengan tahapan saponifikasi di reaktor batch tertutup skala pilot (5kg), pendinginan di crystalizer dan homogenisasi di homogenizer. Parameter uji pelumas gemuk yang dilakukan yaitu uji dropping point (ASTM D-566), uji penetrasi (ASTM D-217), dan uji anti aus four ball (ASTM D-4172). Gemuk terbaik yang dihasilkan memiliki dropping point 324ºC, pada rasio mol Ca-asetat/Ca-hidroksi stearat 5:1.

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In this research, bio food grade grease based on derivative of palm oil by using calcium complex soap as thickening agent is synthesized. Grease thickener is a mixture of Ca-acetate and Ca-hydroxy stearate with mol ratio Ca-acetate/Cahydroxy stearate (0-6). Grease is synthesized in pilot scale closed batch reactor (5 kg), continued by cooling in crystalizer, and homogenizing in homogenizer. Grease performance tests done on greases in this research are dropping point test (ASTM D-566), penetration test (ASTM D-217), and four ball anti wear test (ASTM D-4172). The best grease product is resulted from mol ratio Caacetate/Ca-hydroxy stearate 5:1."

"ABSTRAKOmega-3, omega-6, dan omega-9 adalah jenis asam lemak tidak jenuh rantai panjang. Senyawa ini banyak dibutuhkan untuk mencegah terjadinya kolesterol pada tubuh manusia. Analisis dengan kromatografi gas secara langsung akan membutuhkan waktu analisis yang lama karena titik didih asam lemak yang sangat tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan derivatisasi sebelum dianalisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar memperoleh metode yang valid untuk selanjutnya digunakan pada menetapkan kadar omega-3, omega-6, dan omega-9 dalam produk minyak goreng. Derivatisasi dilakukan dengan metode esterifikasi Lepage menggunakan reagen metanol-toluen 4:1(v/v) dan katalis asetil klorida. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi gas dengan kolom CBP-10 (60m x 0,32mm), suhu kolom terprogram 200-230ºC, kenaikan 2ºC/menit, dipertahankan selama 20 menit. Suhu injektor dan suhu detektor masing-masing 230 dan 250oC; laju alir gas helium 1,40 ml/menit, volume penyuntikan 1,0 µl, dan dideteksi dengan detektor ionisasi nyala. Diperoleh waktu retensi omega-3 16,445 menit, omega-6 15,922 menit, dan omega-9 15,820 menit. Uji presisi menunjukkan hasil yang baik dengan kv omega-3, omega-6 dan omega-9 berturut-turut sebesar 1,1022%, 1,22%, dan 0,547%. Uji perolehan kembali berturut-turut sebesar 98,60%, 99,12%, dan 98,83%. Hasil uji sampel A, B, dan C diperoleh berturut-turut omega-9 sebesar 99,82%, 99,29%, 84,05% dan menunjukkan tidak adanya omega-3 dan omega-6.

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ABSTRAKOmega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 are unsaturated long chain fatty acids. These compounds are needed to prevent the occurrence of cholesterol in the human body. Analysis by gas chromatography directly would require long analysis times because the boiling point of fatty acids is very high so we need a derivatization before analysis. This study aims to obtain a valid method for subsequent use on set levels of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 in the edible oil products. Derivatization performed by Lepage esterification method using the reagent methanol-toluene 4:1 (v/v) and acetyl chloride as catalyst. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography with CBP-10 column (60m x 0.32mm), temperature programmed column 200-230ºC, increase of 2°C/min, and maintained for 20 minutes. The temperature of the injector and detector temperature respectively 230 and 250oC; helium gas flow rate of 1.40 mL/min, the injection volume of 1.0 µL, and detected with a flame ionization detector. Retrieved retention time of 16.445 minutes omega-3, omega-6 15.922 minutes, and omega-9 15.820 minutes. Precision test showed good results with kv omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9, respectively for 1.1022%, 1.22% and 0.547%. Test recoveries respectively for 98.60%, 99.12% and 98.83%. The test results of samples A, B, and C obtained successively omega-9 amounted to 99.82%, 99.29%, 84.05% and shows no signs of omega-3 and omega-6."