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""This interdisciplinary study engages law, history, and political theory in a first attempt to crystallize the lessons the global 'refugee crisis' can teach us about the nature of international law. It connects the dots between the actions of Jewish migrants to Palestine after WWII, Vietnamese 'boatpeople', Haitian refugees seeking to reach Florida, Middle Eastern migrants and refugees bound to Australia, and Syrian refugees currently crossing the Mediterranean, and then legal responses by states and international organizations to these movements. Through its account of maritime migration, the book proposes a theory of human rights modelled around an encounter between individuals in which one of the parties is at great risk. It weaves together primary sources, insights from the work of twentieth-century thinkers such as Hannah Arendt and Emmanuel Levinas, and other legal materials to form a rich account of an issue of increasing global concern."--Publisher description."

"Anak merupakan titipan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang harus kita jaga dengan baik karena mereka menjadi generasi penerus bangsa dan negara ini. Karena hal tersebut sangatlah penting maka dibutuhkan perhatian dari seluruh unsur bangsa, tidak hanya keluarga namun pemerintah, jaminan hukum, serta masyarakat. Dalam hal ini adalah jaminan di bidang hukum yang diharapkan dapat menjamin kesejahteraan, perlindungan, dan keadilan baginya, khususnya anak nakal atau anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum. Selain itu, dibutuhkan pula suatu lembaga yang khusus bertugas untuk melaksanakan perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagaimana yang diamanatkan kepadanya, lembaga tersebut adalah KPAI (Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia). Tulisan dengan judul Peranan KPAI Dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Usaha Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Anak Nakal/Berkonflik Dengan Hukum merupakan suatu hasil analisa dengan metode normatif-empiris tentang upaya-upaya KPAI dalam mewujudkan keadilan restoratif yang dihubungkan dengan praktek SPP Anak. Sesuai dengan amanat Pasal 76 UU No. 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak, KPAI memiliki tugas untuk melakukan sosialisasi seluruh ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak, mengumpulkan data dan informasi, menerima pengaduan masyarakat, melakukan penelaahan, pemantauan, evaluasi, dan pengawasan terhadap penyelenggaraan perlindungan anak, memberikan laporan, saran, masukan, dan pertimbangan kepada Presiden dalam rangka perlindungan anak. Dengan adanya UU No. 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang dinilai lebih menjamin keadilan dan perlindungan anak dengan diaturnya konsep diversi yang mencerminkan keadilan restoratif maka KPAI diharapkan dapat lebih optimal dalam melakukan perlindungan anak dan membantu aparat penegak hukum khususnya Kepolisian. UU SPP Anak ini memiliki keragaman sanksi yang lebih daripada UU No. 3 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pengadilan Anak. Selain itu, tantangannya adalah merubah stigma masyarakat yang lebih condong pada sanksi retributif, khususnya anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum. Munculnya teori atau konsep keadilan restoratif diharapkan dapat menghindarkan anak dari SPP karena ditakutkan akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhannya, khususnya mental anak. Dibutuhkan kemampuan penegak hukum yang lebih dalam perlindungan anak dan pelibatan masyarakat guna tercapainya perlindungan anak secara hukum yang berujung pada kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Memang sejumlah kendala menjadi hambatan penerapan ini seperti masih kurangnya fasilitas yang disediakan oleh pemerintah, keterbatasan dan kurangnya pemahaman perlindungan anak oleh penegak hukum, serta keterbatasan KPAI dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Dengan konsep keadilan restoratif yang dicerminkan pada UU SPP Anak, diharapkan KPAI dapat lebih berperan serta dan lebih meningkatkan koordinasi dengan aparat penegak hukum dalam perlindungan anak khususnya anak nakal/anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum.

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A child is a gift from The god that we need to take care of because they will become the successor of the next generation of the nation and the country. Because it is incredibly important it is required attention from the all elements of the nation, not only the family but the government, law protection, and society. In this point is a guarantee in law that is expected to ensure the welfare, protection, and justice for them, especially a juvenile delinquent or a child in conflict with the law. Besides, also needed an institution which specifically on duty to implement legal protection against children as entrusted to him, this institution is KPAI (Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia-Indonesia Child Protection Commission).

The title of The Post-graduate thesis is The Role of KPAI In Implementing The Restorative Justice as Effort of The Law Enforcement on Juvenile Delinquenct/Child Were in Conflict With The Law is an analysis with normative-empirical method research of KPAI efforts in realizing the restorative justice connected with the practice of the Indonesian Juvenile Criminal Justice System. As mandated in Act No. 23 of 2002 regarding the protection of children article no. 76, KPAI have a task to socialize all regulations legislation relating to the child protection, data and information collection, receiving a complaint from society, exploring, monitoring, evaluation, and supervision over the child protection, provide reports, advise- feedback, and consideration to the President in order of child protection.

By the presence of the Act No.11 of 2012 regarding the juvenile criminal justice systems, child who is considered more ensuring justice and the protection with the arrangement of the diversion concept that reflects restorative justice then KPAI is expected to be more optimal in doing the protection of children and help the law enforcement officials especially police. The Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act has a diversity of children penal than the Act No. 3 of 1997 Concerning juvenile court. In addition, the challenge is to change the stigma that society is leaning more on retributif sanctions, particularly children in conflict with the law.

The rise of theory or concept of restorative justice is expected to prevent the child from the Criminal Justice System because of feared would affect its growth, especially mentally. It takes the ability of the law enforcement agencies in child protection and the involvement of the community in order to achieve the protection of the child by law that resulted in the best interest for the child. Indeed a number of barriers to implementation is occured such as still lack of facilities provided by the Government, limitations and a lack of understanding of child protection by law enforcement agencies, as well as the limitations of KPAI in doing their tasks. With the concept of restorative justice which is reflected on Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act, KPAI would be more expected to participate and improve their coordination with the law enforcement agencies in the protection of children particularly juvenile delinquent/child who were in conflict with the law."

"Tesis ini membahas bagaimana peraturan hukum yang ada di Indonesia dalam melindungi hak-hak anak. Walaupun hak-hak anak telah ada dan dijamin di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia akan tetapi masih saja angka penelantaran anak tetap tinggi bahkan cenderung terjadi peningkatan. Penegakan hukum diperlukan untuk melaksanakan perlindungan terhadap hakhak anak tersebut. Dalam hukum di Indonesia sanksi pidana terhadap penelantaran anak telah diatur di dalam dua undang-undang yang berbeda yaitu Undang-undang No.23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak dan Undangundang No.23 tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Dengan menggunakan doktrin Kekhususan yang Sistematis, maka dapat diketahui aturan hukum yang tepat untuk diterapkan terhadap pelaku penelantaran anak. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagimana penerapan aturan hukum terhadap pelaku penelantaran anak. Penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang kemudian dipaparkan secara deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian bahwa ternyata dalam penerapan aturan hukum terhadap para pelaku penelantaran anak masih terdapat perbedaan aturan hukumnya, yaitu ada yang menggunakan Undang-undang No.23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak dan ada yang menggunakan Undang-undang No.23 tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.

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This thesis discusses how existing laws in Indonesia in protecting the rights of children. Although the rights of children have been there and enshrined in legislation in Indonesia but still neglect rate remains high even tended to an increase. Law enforcement is required to carry out the protection of the rights of the child. In Indonesian law criminal sanctions against the neglect of the child has been arranged in two different laws, namely Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection and the Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Specificity using a systematic doctrine, it is known, the appropriate legal rules to be applied to the neglect of the child actors. The purpose of this paper is to determine how the application of the rule of law against perpetrators of child neglect. This research using the normative method then presented descriptively analytical. The results turned out in the application that the rule of law against the perpetrators of neglect there are differences in the rules of law, that there is a use of Law No. 23 of 2002 on Protection of Children and some use of Law No. 23 of 2004 Elimination of Domestic Violence."

"Summary: "Ethnicity and International Law presents an historical account of the impact of ethnicity on the making of international law. The development of international law since the nineteenth century is characterised by the inherent tension between the liberal and conservative traditions of dealing with what might be termed the 'problem' of ethnicity. The present-day hesitancy of liberal international law to engage with ethnicity in ethnic conflicts and ethnic minorities has its roots in these conflicting philosophical traditions. In international legal studies, both the relevance of ethnicity, and the traditions of understanding it, lie in this fact"

"These are norms generally characterized by a certain concept from the perspective of victims, as well as by the enumeration of a list of rights to which they are entitle to, rights upon which the international statute of victims is built. In reverse, these catalogues of rights are the states? obligations. Most of these rights are already existent in the international law of human rights. Consequently, they are not new but consolidated rights. Others are strictly linked to victims, concerning the following categories, victims of crime, victims of abuse of power, victims of gross violations of international human rights law, victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law, victims of enforced disappearance, victims of violations of international criminal law and victims of terrorism."